Trying to better understand the extent of the spread of these ideas, e.g. if there were similar documents/publications in circulation making the same or similar claims that "The Protocols" did.
There will be much more to say, in general and in detail – but yes, certainly anti-semitic conspiracy theories have been widespread for many centuries, and this was certainly the case in the 19th century.
I wrote on one of these here a while ago – the idea that a large part of the Rothschild fortune was built on a sort of "insider trading", based on a scheme to get hold of early news of the result of the Battle of Waterloo – and you might like to review that answer while you wait for fresh responses to your query:
Did the Rothschilds really defraud the UK after the Battle of Waterloo?