Can anyone explain the reliance of Western Europe on Russian gas historically? Presumably during the Cold War Western European countries weren’t reliant on imports from the USSR? Is it simply a case that North Sea oil/gas, coal and other energy sources were used instead of Russian gas, and that the situation has changed since 1989?

It might be worth linking to one or two subreddits about current affairs that AskHistorians feel are good sources of that type of information. Surely there will be a lot of people searching for such sites and surely there will be many sites not worth visiting.

According to Fiona Hill, she asserts that

Yes, Ukraine and the other former republics of the Soviet Union were just as much Russian colonies—territories subject to foreign rule—as Ireland and India were for the British Empire, or as constituent states were for the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires

How true or accepted is this view amongst historians focused on Ukrainian and/or USSR history?

Russia’s assault on Ukraine and the international order: Assessing and bolstering the Western response

A lot if armchair analysts cite the beginning of post-Cold War hostilities between Russia and NATO with Russia's attempt in the mid-90s to join NATO, which to their surprise were denied.

According to this narrative, the new Russian Federation made major economic and political concessions under the impression they would be welcomed into a global security community, but instead found themselves just as diplomatically isolated as in the Soviet era but now with far less territory or natural resources or military might.

Is this understanding correct? Did Russia believe that NATO membership was a serious possibility, and was this a motivating factor when making economic concessions to the West in the Yeltsin era?

Furthermore, I've also heard that the primary objection Russia's inclusion in NATO came not from any Western country, but instead from former Warsaw Pact states or Soviet Republics like Poland and Lithuania who refused to be part of any alliance or treaty organization that included their old enemy Russia. Were these objections from new NATO members in Eastern Europe actually a major reason for Russia's exclusion?

When it comes to the use of economic sanctions as a response to national military actions, what is an successful (or, at least, the most successful) usage in history? I know of uses as deterrence before actions are taken, but I just don't have context to what "success" looks like in terms of timeline or effects of these sanctionings.

Let's talk about the Kievian Rus. Wikipedia describes it as a "loose federation". How close were these various princely states in terms of political independence, culture, language, and ethnic background between the 9th and 13th century?

Bonus: do the people living in Ukraine and Russia feel a cultural heritage from this era? It seems glaringly absent from Putin's speeches, but I may be missing something.

In doing a quick wiki read of Ukrainian history, I found the state/status of the region to be very hard to understand in the immediate aftermath of the first world war; it appears as though the country was sometimes split, sometimes not split, and various governments from different ideologies ruled for months, weeks or even days.

Would somebody be able to summarize exactly what happened in the Ukraine after World War I but prior to it being brought into the Soviet Union?

Hi all, this thread is getting bulky, so maybe this will get buried but wanted to ask for perspective on something. I was talking to my grandmother this morning, and she lived in Germany in the 1930's. Although she generally refuses to speak much about time before 1945, she said today that this invasion feels, to her, a lot like the invasion of Austria. What, if any, parallels are there to be drawn between these two events?

I've seen some people saying that when the USSR was falling apart there was a deal between them and USA that stipulated that former Soviet Republics wouldn't join NATO. Is that true? Does anyone know more about this?

From what little I remember of the news at the time, Ukraine possessed Soviet-era nuclear weapons and was convinced to give them up in return for security guarantees from both the USA and Russia. What happened to those agreements?

I read something on twitter about how Ukraine was contesting the validity of today's Russian Federation being in the UN due to the USSR having been the member then seat was transferred.

How legit is this argument and if legit, what would the outcome even be?

How true/untrue is the assertation that the Ukraine and Russia share a common cultural and political origin?

I know of the existence of the Kievan Rus which covered the entirety of "European" Russia at its peak, but how does this relate to the modern Ukrainian/Russian cultural and political divide, and what caused the region to transition from the rule of the Kievan Rus to Imperial Russia?

How many times in the history of the Russian Federation have the nuclear forces been put on a "special alert status" as Putin just announced? How about in the history of the Soviet Union?

Basically, is there historical precedent for this kind of action, or is this an extraordinary situation? What does this alert status mean for putting tension on the hair-trigger of the Russian nuclear arsenal?

Are there any websites, Twitter accounts or semi-academic podcasts I should follow related to Russia or Ukraine to understand the current conflict?

My paternal roots are in the Ukraine. Family stories are burned out by Cossacks. Food is important to me. Unfortunately my grandmother was a pretty horrible cook. Over many years I've developed a pretty good matzo brei, and my borscht is good. What other staple dishes were common in Ukraine in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

How are future historians going to study this war with all the modern misinformation around?

Are people working towards this, furiously saving every picture and article in a tome? So much information, seems to me, comes and is quietly forgotten, especially video clips that are more costly to archive and verify.

Much of the media coverage of the Ukraine crisis notes that it is the worst war in Europe since WWII. However, it seems to me as though that "honor" belongs to the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. What is it about the Balkan Wars that makes it so that they are not in this discussion?

How has the population/ethnicity of Crimea changed throughout history and what caused the changes?

I'm curious on how to borders of the Ukraine SSR came to be where they are? Why was this broken out as a separate division from the Russian SSR.

I've read that the terms "Russia" and "Ruthenia" were completely interchangeable until the Austro-Hungarian empire decided to use "Ruthenian" to refer to Ukrainians. 1. How true is that? 2. Why did AH use "Ruthenian" and not "Ukrainian" or "Malorossian"?

What do we know about the perpetrators of the 1999 apartment bombings in Russia?

Transnistria: What is this country and why does it (still) exist?

What was the reasoning behind keeping NATO after the fall of the Soviet Union? Why was the Clinton administration not pursue a stronger de-militarization of the region? Was there any sense around 1991 that the borders of the new Russian Federation were going to be politically risky decades later?

In March 1939, after several annexations of neighboring countries and territories without outright military invasion, Nazi Germany invaded the portion of Czechoslovakia not grated to it in the Munich Agreement. What was the general expectation of where Germany's actions would lead? How many world leaders, academics, members of the press were voicing concerns that these actions could lead to a full-scale war in Europe? (I realize that this is a very Euro-centric question and I'm aware that there were already hot conflicts in Asia and Africa at this time, but this is the part that seems pertinent to the current situation).

If Russia wanted to keep Crimea, why didn’t they kept it after the fall of the Soviet Union, or the independence of Ukraine? Couldn’t Gorbachev say “fine you are independent but CRIMEA STAYS”?

If it was transitioned from Russia to Ukraine when both were part of the Soviet Union, why not transfer the peninsula again BEFORE giving independence?

Could someone knowledgeable comment on The Foundations of Geopolitics and how the Russian invasion of Ukraine fits into that 1997 "master plan" for Russian hegemony? I'm particularly interested in the historical perspective of that treatise as a predictor of Russian actions and Western reactions.

Several news reporters have referenced the Holodomor as an example of the suffering Ukrainians have experienced in their shared history with Russia. Were the Russians actively taking crops from Ukraine as though it were a colony, and if so were they more vicious towards Ukraine than other places? Or would the Ukrainians have suffered from hunger no matter what the rest of the USSR was going through? As a follow up, do people now draw a direct line between the Holodomor and proof of Russia’s intent to hurt Ukraine, or are there so many other problems in their shared history that it fades into the background?

There has been a small amount of discussion relating to the book Foundations of Geopolitics by Aleksandr Dugin, which, as I understand it (I have not read it; only read about it), is essentially a plan for Russia to invade, destabilise, and bring Europe into its sphere of influence. This was published in 1997 - have there been plans for an invasion of Ukraine for this long? Has this been the long-term plan for Russia since Ukraine's independence in 1991?

What are the meat and potatoes of the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances? And what sort of counter measures / penalties are stipulated if it is violated?

I was reading the other day about the composer Dmitry Bortniansky, whose roots and influence are subject of debate (were he a Russian or an Ukrainian composer etc). Without entering this specific debate, I'd like to know: was it common for big empires (or, in this case, the Russian Empire) to pick great artists from conquered lands to "represent them" while also trying to "erase" their background in some way? And if this breaks the rules of 'example picking', I'd also like to know how folk backgrounds were erased.

I recently look up the borders of Kieven-Rus and was surprised that it didn’t actually include the land we now consider to be Russia. How does Russia claim to be founded? Descended from? (Sorry I’m not sure of correct wording) Kievan-Rus then?

I’ll ask a question relating to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during ww2. How are they viewed or defined by historians? Are they generally classified as a collaborationist entity due to their initial cooperation with the Germans, or a Partisan group (similar those in The Home Army or Soviet partisans ) and in what context should the post war insurgency be viewed?

How much general support was there in Germany for its invasion of Poland? I’m asking bc of parallels I’ve heard people raise between Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and Germany’s invasion of Poland. What about support for Germany’s invasion of the Sudetenland?

Hello, I have a question as to the sanctions against Russia which some people in investments and economic subs describe as a nuclear financial bomb thrown.

from what i understand those (economic subs) is, that within only a few days Russia will be thrown back to a status of a failed state, started last week with "bank runs" (and some of them reported that the ATMs were limited stocked) .. next step as in history Putin ordered to keep foreign currency in the country etc.

My first question: has such happened (with or without severe restrictions) before, to any nation or country that had been "highly developed" - sorry for the wording what i mean is: people are literate, the country is "at the top of" research and technology of its time and major inventions come from them, they have a creative class which produces e.g. music that is .. world class and asked for, the country plays an important role among other countries, and decisions in that country were not taken "just as needed" but by the process of a long way through groups like parliaments etc.

My second question: could it have been expected that those measures would have a result that quick. every hour another message shows that another whatever financial thing closes the walls to Russian's actions, - within a few days. maybe the connectivity given by digital networks fasten decisions but i find it stunning

like: a (more or less) stable 'heavy weight' country fails within days.

Are there historical examples? Has such happend before? .. thank you very much

// and thank you very much, mods, telling to ask that here, i hope that location is the correc one that you have mentioned

Ukraine has recently said that visas will not be required for foreign volunteers wishing to fight against Russia. What is the history of international volunteer soldiers since the development of formalized borders, passports, and visas? How have volunteers been treated after returning to their home countries?

Were there calls from within the US state department to completely de-nuclearize the Russian Federation in 1991? How did the leaders in the transition negotiate nuclear warhead stockpiles?

How much of the claim that Ukraine is an artificial state is true?

I believe that the context of NATO expansion is important to remember in this conflict, but I feel like I don't know the full context at the moment.

Poland, Hungary, and the Czech republic joined in 1999. Prior to this, had post Soviet Russia made any notable threats/attempted to intimidate/bully these nations (or maybe military action by Russia against a neighboring state) in such a way that would make these countries feel like they needed NATO protection? Or did NATO expand it's borders without provocation?

Question: Has economic sanctions ever worked/how often do they work in order to avoid or reduce the scope of a war? My first thought is when the US cut the oil supply to Japan in 1941, and that did not really stopped them, but I'm sure there have to be other cases when it 'works'.

How did the modern border emerge between Russia and Ukraine? Were the people in the region of Ukraine always considered distinct from the Russians, and if so, how did they maintain their identity as a separate nation through the years of Russian/Soviet influence?

I'm mainly interested in the possible aftermath of this invasion based on history.

After World War II, has there ever been other case of country invasion in the past that might be comparable to the current situation?

A. If the invader succeed in annexing new territories, how did they convince the remaining resistance/civilian to accept the situation for the long term?

B. If the invader didn't succeed, in addition to the cost of war what other repercussions did they get from international politics?

In the interest of lighter thoughts and stories, does anyone have a neat myth or mythological creature that originated from Ukraine or the Ukraine area or people?

Or just anything that is from a while back that is just pretty cool to learn about it?

When and how did Putin rise to power? ( not sure if was >= 20 years.

Someone in a reddit thread yesterday claimed that 40% of the Soviet Army officer corps was Ukrainian. This seemed unlikely to me (Ukraine was a little under 20% of the total USSR population ca 1990, from what I can find on Wikipedia), but I found a WaPo article from 1991 that seemed to support the claim:

The republic also has invited Ukrainian officers in the Soviet army, who account for more than 40 percent of its officer corps, to return to the Ukraine.

Is this true, and if so, what led to Ukraine having such outsized representation among Soviet army officers? Did most of those officers end up returning to Ukraine?

When is the last time we had a state vs state war, with developed and established armies?

Please i have a question as to the term and use of "oligarch". so i looked it up.

my question is the usage. i would call them .. 'head of company xy' or 'owner of'. Company first, person second important.

These Russian (and Ukrainian) oligarchs on the other hand are known by their names. And which company/eis they run seems to be seen as secondary. They are also known for personal attributes (like: who had been in a treatment for Botox and since when etc.) .. and they are judged by character-flaws ..

Where does it come from that business figures of Russia and Ukraine are seen and judged in a very 'human' way? .. and that they even have a term for this group: "oligarch" who is to me just whoever leader of whoever company?

// ah, i am from Western Europe, and that sounds foreign to me.

thank you

When was Ukraine a part of Russia? I didn’t even know that. I knew about Chernobyl but honestly didn’t realize it was in Ukraine now as I always associated it with Russia.

What was Ukraine like after the makhnovist free territory was ended by the Soviets? Did most common people care?

What was the policy of the Soviet Union, from Lenin to Stalin all the way to the breakup in 1991, towards Ukraine and Ukrainian identity?

Watching the current invasion of Ukraine, and the bombing of Kyiv, I was trying to think of the last time something like this happened. Specifically, when was the last time a democratic country’s capital city (or just any major population center) was invaded by a foreign army. I’m not looking for minor territorial skirmishes, just genuine invasions.

As for defining democracy- for our purposes, let’s define it as an pluralistic political system with genuinely competitive elections (direct or indirect) for the heads of government&state, and some semblances of the rule of law. Edge cases should be included.

Is there a difference between saying Ukraine and "The Ukraine"? I hear people using both and is there a difference between the two?

Why do people keep comparing Russia’s/Putin’a invasion to the Nazis/Hitler? Based on Putin’s actions, isn’t it just as fitting (if not more) to compare him to USSR/Stalin’s regime, who committed genocide and then extorted control over the region?

In recent history (~60 years) how would you compare the Russian invasion of Ukraine to invasions/interventions the west has carried out?

I'm no historian, but I am of the opinion that the west has never behaved to this level of national self interest. I would like to hear your thoughts on the matter, and examples where the west solely acted for their own national gain.

Help me understand: is this analogous to if, say, the US was worried about Mexico joining a defensive pact with Russia and the US were to respond by invading Mexico? Pretty much everyone knows that in that scenario, the US might win but at a horrific cost to both Mexicans and US soldiers and it would be a political nightmare domestically.

From my point of view, the current war can be qualified as a 'proxy warm between 'the west' and Russia, where the west is openly giving material support to Ukraine.

Was support in proxy wars in the cold war so open ? Or was it obvious but not acknowledged publicly ?

A friend of mine argued that the US backing/planting of Boris Yeltsin as president right after the dissolution of the USSR is why we have Putin in power now. If her assertion is true, I imagine it’s like other scenarios where when the US backs a candidate in a foreign power, often times the pendulum swings back. Is she correct? Are there more details to her claim?

Why was the USSR broken up into a bunch of Soviet republics that clearly resembled particular ethnic nations? Why not just have one centralized Russia?

Discussion of what's happening in Ukraine seems to include a large contingent of people who think US/NATO troops could/should defend Ukraine, but I personally haven't seen any real discussion of that intervention in a nuclear context. During the Cold War, was there any idea that a conventional war between the US/USSR was possible? Were there any times where this kind of theoretical non-nuclear conflict was advocated for? Obviously there were proxy wars, i.e. Vietnam/Korea where US forces were fighting against Soviet-backed/supplied armies, but my understanding is that a lot of pains were taken to make sure American soldiers and Soviet soldiers were never in direct conflict with each other.

Historically, mud is always huge hindrance for invasion in that region, especially during this time of the year. But why I haven't seen any mention that the mud is delaying any troops movement in this conflict? Has modern technology or better infrastructure overcome this problem?

How is the Holodomor treated in Russian historiography? I’m particularly interested in analysis from after the breakup of the Soviet Union and how the rise of Putin may have impacted the view that Russian historians took towards the Holodomor.

Perhaps this thread should be pinned to the top of the sub.

What is duginism? Can someone briefly explain me that?

Kenyan Ambassador pointing out the history of UN military interventions lead to more instability (for example, Libya); out of curiosity, was there any intervention that succeeded?

For the nations that remained unaligned with NATO and Warsaw Pact (Ukraine, Finland, Moldova,... ) was there any movement to align with each other so that one couldn't be isolated and invaded and used a pawn/proxy in either direction?

What is the modern review on Mackinder’s heartland theory?

Is there a real cultural and ethnolinguistic connection between modern day Ukrainians and their alleged Cossack ancestors? What exactly is this connection? Or is it a modern invention, such as North Macedonia's tenuous connection to the Macedonia of Philip and Alexander?

What impact does the historical head of the Orthodox Church in Kiev have on current events?

Not sure where to ask, so I am trying here.

After WWI Germany was heavily sanctioned and had an economic collapse that eventually played a part in starting WWII. Are we possibly starting down the same path with Russia?

According to The Economist's Democracy Index, Ukraine is almost a "flawed democracy". I'm scared to see Western democracies essentially letting an authoritarian regime topples a somewhat liberalizing country.

Is there was cases since WW1 where the invasion of a democracy by a authoritarian, fascist or communist state was met with no or few belligerence by the "Free World"? (I'm phrasing the question this way to exclude things like the US-sponsored coup in Chile against Allende)

Please explain how Ukraine gave up nukes and what assurances they were given at the time. Also, how effective/useable were those weapons.

I was wondering if anyone could provide impartial sources or information on what’s happened in the Donbass region of Ukraine?

During the Cold War, how much of Russian territory reverted to Ukraine and vice versa? What are the merits to claims being made?

My two questions:

1. Did the Russian Empire ever invade Ukraine?
2. Would the Russian Empire have become like UK today if it retained its Tsar monarchy?

What is the history of the Black and Red Ukranian flag and the phrase "Slava Ukraini"?

In the context of the Canadian Finance Minister standing with a black and red scarf with that phrase on it (https://twitter.com/cafreeland/status/1498050242624823298 ) I have seen many claims that both the phrase and the colours are associated with Fascism and specifically followers of Stepan Bandera.

​

What are their origins? How closely associated are their histories with Bandera and fascism? How have they been used more recently in Ukraine (obviously before 20 years ago but that still covers post-soviet Ukraine)?

What role does the independent Cossack Hetmanate of 1648 and later play in Ukrainian historiography and national consciousness?

Guy I got a question, it is said that Ukraine territory was annxed from other land under the control of Russia or USSR in the past.

Tracked the source of this to Wikipedia and on Quora, Wikipedia straight up claimed this is just a fake map.

Quora had a disscuion on the sources of such a map and didn't deny it.

Reading the history of Ukraine on Wikipedia also had sources that relate to this map when the Khmelnytsky Cossack swore loyalty and asked for help from Russian Tsar

So how many contexts is this map is correct and what is bent here?

https://external-preview.redd.it/72YPItqbdNKMZNT3DwccsGLfCDJP9N5NgE-covtNnW0.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=1db9299a07fa9e5d4b169ab09b765184196b37b1

How did the split of Kievan Rus territory between Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovite Russia shape the evolution of Ukrainian and Russian identities?

What's the historical relationship between Cossacks and Ukraine? In Russia, Cossack Hosts reconstituted after the fall of the USSR, was there anything similar in Ukraine?

Can anyone offer sources on the legitimacy of Donbas being its own separate region? Or is this just an excuse to claim a region with a majority Russian speaking population as part of Russia or a convenient buffer state?

What happened in the 2014 election - was there US interference to any degree? (Maybe this is too soon)

I would really appreciate some incite and proper legitimate sources on either point.

Of course solidarity to Ukrainian people in this war.

Did the North Atlantic Treaty mentioned anything about eastward expansion?

After hearing putins comments on how Ukrainians and russians share a common heritage, I was wondering how old the idea of a sovereign Ukrainian nation is?

One of the things I've seen over and over is that, with the exception of a few regions in the east and Crimea, anti-Russia sentiment is the majority in Ukraine by far.

How does this compare to sentiment at the height of the Cold War, and how did that sentiment change over time, even beyond the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

And a followup question -- how did this play out generationally? Do we see higher pro-Russia sentiment in the 1990s from the older generations? I could see it going either way (since Ukraine was closely tied to Russia, for better or worse, for a long time).

I've seen it claimed that Ukraine,like belgium (Twitter words,not mine) ,was just created by great powers and that Ukraine was made by Lenin.

What is the history of Ukrainian identity ,culture and nationalism?

Also,what is it about Russia having guarantees eastern Europe wouldn't join NATO ?

Some sources about the war imply that this is massive because it is the first time a Global power has engaged in all out war since the Cold War. How accurate is that assessment, and what has been the cultural impact of... say other large scale conflicts?

Off the top of my head, I compare this to Sino-Indian War of 1962 or Indo-Pak wars (several). Restricting the scope to, say, Nuclear armed nations and/or global powers... What impact have past wars (since the cold war) had on the world as a whole? And how "world ending" were those wars percieved at the time?

Is the Ruthenian culture and identity the same as Ukrainian? If not, what's the differences?

Actually, I always wondered why isn't Ukraine called Ruthenia..

From recent events, we can see that the Russian military is disorganized and just terrible in general. Has it always been like that such as during the Russian Empire, USSR and other time periods?

What's the actual deal with Leonid Kuchma?

It seems like there was an opportunity in the late 90s and early 2000s for post-Soviet Ukraine to move closer to post-Soviet Russia of its own accord, but then there's this pro-Russian president who seems to have misbehaved in a bunch of terrible ways and also to have caused a lot of damage to the economy and the free press, and then there's this chain of assassinations, beheadings, and poisonings that come in after. Was Kuchma's presidency important to the general preference of the country to turn West vs. East?

How is Kuchma regarded in Ukraine, and how much did his presidency set us down the road to where we are now?

A further reminder that the 20-year rule remains in effect on this thread. Please keep enquiries to historical questions whose scope cuts off no later than 2002.

Why did we see such an influx of civilians fighting in the Spanish Civil War and what similarities might cause us to see a similar influx of civilians fighting in the conflict in the Ukraine? What needs to happen to cause civilians from throughout Europe and the rest of the world to join this conflict as soldiers like they did during the Spanish Civil War? edit: 20 year rule

Hi, pls historically happened before? .. and sorry my wording .. if not approp. pls delete.

So Mr Zelinskyy in his (justified) fight for survival have the last days invited "human beasts of prey" from all over the world so to say - and they do come. And needless to say that i hope that will help. However really risky that move was, for his own people might i think.

Probably such had been done in history.

My question: how helpful had been such in history? .. and another question, pls remove if not adequate: how much had such been prolonging wars. since when those come, they need .. ah, "something to do" might i say.

and last questions: in such cases how much trouble did they cause aftermaths .. or might one think that old times are not applicable in a time of airplanes and ongoing working contracts somewhere else to be bound to.

Thank you

In a recent interview, former official at the U.S. National Security Council specializing in Russian and European affairs, Fiona Hill, suggested we are already experiencing World War III. How accurate is this claim in the context of our conceptualization of world wars and their demarcation?

I was speaking to a friend the other day who is from Russia who insisted that the Current Ukrainian conflict is exactly like the Troubles experienced in Northern Ireland. This got me thinking because I tried to read up on both conflicts from a historical angle and couldn't really find a common thread sturdy enough to link the two. Firstly the Troubles were mostly contained in NI. The terrorist incidents that did occur were in no way instigated by westminster. Secondly although westminster took control (and relinquished it) of the NI government, they didn't try and invade the Republic. Am I wrong?

Can you recommend Russian-language resources on the history of Ukraine? I have relatives living in Russia, and they would be responsive to reading everything in this thread, but they speak no English.

I have tried communicating some of what is here, but I'm really not good at it, and I'm no expert anyway.

Anything would be appreciated. YouTube videos would be most likely consumed. Content from a real expert would be respected. Political commentary probably not so much.

What do you guys think ? 🤔

While researching Ukrainian/Russian history to get a bit of context I found out that Ukraine’s coat of arms and organizational systems flags as well as national identity are based/focus on the rurukid trident seals.

Do you guys think the association with pre-tsar Russia and the implications of the true heir to the principality of moscow potentially being Ukrainian (where Russians state the lineages are equal but elevated themselves to a point of leadership) pose a threat to Russian national identity if Ukraine joins the west. And if so do you think anyone high up in Russia gives a fuck or if it might have led to tensions between the two?

I did think it was interesting that the only time a ukrainian state did not use the trident seal was when it was a soviet state.

Let me know, and also prayers going out to anyone affected by this situation ❤️❤️❤️