Was Wehrmacht troop quality on the western front second rate?

by joistheyo

Looking at the Wehrmacht divisions fighting from Normandy to Germany, most of the divisions were second rate, created from the husks of already destroyed divisions on the eastern front. Maybe some officers would have been veterans, but enlisted seems to be a bunch of relocated Luftwaffe/Kriegsmarine sailors or 17-18 year olds. By the Battle of the Bulge, the Wehrmacht was mostly a bunch of these Volksgrenadiers with like 2 weeks of training. Am I misreading things or were German forces on the Western front post 1944, their worst units?

Rittermeister

Absolutely not. There is no evidence that German forces in the west were "less elite" than those in the east in 1944-1945. If you look at the link that /u/Broke22 posted, I went into some detail on the broad types of units available. I don't feel the need to repeat that entirely, but I'll add a few additional comments.

First, German reinforcement and replacement policies differed from those of the Western Allies. The Germans preferred to fight a division until it was ground down to almost no combat value, then pull it back for rebuilding. Historians have referred to these as "torso" divisions, in that the infantry and tanks were devastated, but the divisional support troops - artillery, engineers, headquarters, etc - were largely intact. Rebuilding was mostly a matter of bringing in new infantrymen and training as a division. Most German divisions, regardless of theater, were rebuilt at least once.

Second, the Germans redeployed large numbers of their best mobile divisions to the west in preparation for the 1944 invasion, which everyone knew was coming. Defeating the Allied invasion was, in fact, given the highest priority by everyone from Hitler on down. It was seen as a more immediate threat to Germany than the Soviets in the east, who at that time were still hundreds of miles from the German border. As such, about one-third of Germany's total mechanized or armored divisions were in the west in June 1944, and they were almost wholly destroyed in the course of the Normandy campaign. The British fought four times more panzer divisions at Caen than Army Group Center had available to it during Operation Bagration.

Third, the Germans redeployed a considerable number of formations from the east to the west prior to the Ardennes offensive, which contributed to their rapid collapse in the east in 1945. The wisdom of that decision is questionable, but they clearly weren't afraid to weaken the eastern front to attempt a decisive blow in the west.

Broke22