I recently learned that all of Canada’s military falls under the umbrella of the Canadian Armed Forces rather than a Canadian army, navy, and Air Force. Why did Canada enact this change? And in practice does their military structure differ that much from other countries with separate branches?
Money and manpower were the primary motivators for the amalgamation of the Army, Navy, and Air Force into the Canadian Forces. there were separate schools for the same job, etc. Military Police, Aircraft Techs, supply techs, etc. All doing the exact same job, though be it slightly differently in the same branches.
After amalgamation, all aircraft were operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force (using modern names, they were changed and later restored). So all aircraft operated, with the exception of some drones, are operated and maintained by the Royal Canadian Air Force. So as an aircraft tech you can in your career work on fighter jets, tactical transports, tactical helicopters, and naval helicopters. Which would lead you to work on Air Bases, Army Bases, and Naval Ships.
The Canadian Armed Forces (modern name) has hard element trades and purple trades.
A hard element trade is something like a combat arms soldier, Aircraft specific occupations, or navy specific occupations.
Purple trades are occupations that are not element-specific, such as Medical trades, Logistical Trades, Military Police, etc. However, the member wears the uniform of the Army, navy, or Air Force and belongs to that element even if they are serving in a different elements base.
So by amalgamating the three branches of the Canadian Military into the Canadian Armed Forces they saved a bunch of money, or intended to (not exactly sure if they ended up saving money due to the nature of Canadian Politics). Now you had single schools teaching instead of three. You also boosted the manning of certain occupations. Say you had a shortage of Supply Techs in the Navy, now you can post in some from the Army.
Today its a centralized command structure above the Army, Navy and Air Force. As well as allowing manning issues to be solved by posting 'Army' Medics on Navy Ships, etc. Its pretty much the same as any other nation, just without the squabbling between the tops of the chain of commands as they all belong to the same chain of command.