Arabs mostly used rifles and small arms at that time. The oldest weapons used were outdated guns and swords.

From Muhammad Asad's The Road to Mecca, describing the fall of Kufra to the Italians in 1931
" We had only a few hundred men able to carry arms; the rest were women and children and old men. We defended house after house, but they were too strong for us, and in the end only the village of Al-Hawari was left to us. Our rifles were useless against their armoured cars; and they overwhelmed us."

From Gun Running in Arabia: The Introduction of Modern Arms to the Peninsula, 1880-1914:
"By the first decade of this century, the Martini-Henry was the most common modern rifle in Arabia. The 1907 dispatch by the United States Consul in Baghdad reports
the prevalence of the Martini. At about the same time, British officials in the Persian Gulf made a detailed study of the tribes and weapons of the region. (c. 1905-07) The
study was undertaken for the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, then being prepared by J.G. Lorimer of the Indian Civil Service. The results of their study are scattered throughout
Lorimer's work. There was still a considerable variety of guns in the region, some tribes being well armed, while others had few breech-loaders and still carried flintlock
muskets. In general, however, the old flintlocks and matchlocks were considered "entirely out of date", and it is the Martini that is cited again and again in Lorimer as the
standard modern rifle. By 1896, Martinis were used to pay customs duty on arms imported into Bahrein. "

Sources:

The Road to Mecca

http://muhammad-asad.com/Road-to-Mecca.pdf (quote is on 342 in the pdf)

Gun Running in Arabia: The Introduction of Modern Arms to the Peninsula, 1880-1914

https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2623&context=open_access_etds (Quote is from page 36-37 in the pdf)