Were the Pyramids of Egypt built by slaves or paid laborers?

by wormholetrafficjam

There is a thread (screengrab)in another subreddit with interesting claims about the Pyramids built by skilled craftsmen, paid in salary/beer and being well fed.

Are there definitive sources whether the manual labor was performed by enslaved or employed people?

KiwiHellenist

There are a couple of OK answers in the AskHistorians archive, but by comparison with 2022 answers they're a bit short on detail and evidence. So it'd be awesome if someone can write a thorough response here. Here are the old ones:

Just a note of caution on how the question is formulated: 'paid' doesn't mean money, because money wasn't invented until the 500s BCE, in Lydia (modern Turkey). Talking about 'payment' in the Bronze Age necessarily means compensation in a more general sense.