You can read more about Jacob Vanderpool here. Also, I know this incident happened because I was living in Oregon and went to the historical society read the original court transcripts (er, I tried to, but that handwriting is painful). I am not a historian, but I'm very curious.
I realize my question is very specific and may be hard to answer since it's so niche. I've also wondered where Vanderpool got the money to buy a saloon and boarding house, but I suspect we'll never know.
If you had asked what actually happened to his property, that would indeed be rather niche, and there might not be anyone wandering by here to answer it. But you could answer that yourself. If you went back to that local historical society, you could learn the actual address of his boarding house. With that you could go to the Recording Division of the Clackamas County Clerk's office and tell them you want to do a deed search for that property. That might mean sitting in front of a microfilm reader or a computer terminal, or pulling very large books down from shelves. They might be too busy to give you much assistance, and want you to come back another time, there might be a fee. But you would not be the first person to do a deed search, and there should be, in the historical society or the clerk's office, someone to tell you how to do it. You should be able to track the property back to Vanderpool- though, I notice the Office says it has records going back to the "early 1850's". You might be told that 1851 is just beyond where their records reach. But you might find out what the house was used for in later years by looking at the property tax records of the later owners ( same Clerk's office) to see if the place continued as a boardinghouse.
What probably happened to his property: he had to sell it. If a forced, quick sale, it's doubtful he would have gotten a good price, and it's possible that the town could have imposed a fine big enough to even take the proceeds of the sale from him. But if he had the money to buy the house, and money to pay for a lawyer to defend him in the trial, he might well have been able to make a more careful exit and put it with a broker, who then sent him the money later when it sold.