I first want to say that the experience of slavery was not so different that we should assign values judgements to it. There's always a tendency to think in terms of 'better' or 'worse,' but I would discourage that. The enslaved experience of Louisiana was one of slavery, first and foremost, and the experience of physical, psychological, and sexual violence was much the same regardless of the language spoken by the master. There are some important distinctions to make, but even those depend on the part of the South to which we compare it. All that said, the distinctions were stark for travelers from Europe, other colonies, and other states after the Louisiana Purchase. I will note these distinctions but still draw comparisons to other places in the United States when notable.
Louisiana had slavery right from its beginning in 1699, but this was mostly the bondage of Indigenous peoples for the first 20 years. They waged an early war with the Chitimachas and took a lot of slaves while also purchasing slaves form nearby allied tribes. The colony was quite small and lacked plantations and the workforce needed to run them. Chitimacha and other Indigenous slaves were mostly used as guides or domestic servants. Sometimes they were exchanged in Haiti/St. Domingue for African slaves who performed much the same labor. It was not until 1718 that the French government sent enough people and supplies to have a viable plantation regime. It is at this point that Ira Berlin notes Louisiana as transitioning from a "society with slaves" (slavery as one of many labor/social systems) to a "slave society" (slavery as the defining labor and social institution). Environmentally their labor was much the same as in the Virginia and Carolina Lowlands, which were similarly swampy and fertile. They felled tried, drained swamps, and mostly planted tobacco and rice. Most Louisiana slaves came from Senegambia in this phase, with Bambara being the most notable group. We see a "frontier exchange economy" develop in both SC and Louisiana wherein slaves had the freedom to hunt and fish for themselves and even trade with Indigenous nations, sometimes carrying guns for hunting purposes. Both SC and LA enslaved populations also experienced a degree of "re-Africanization," because the enslaved populations only interacted with a few white colonists and cultivated a culture that, while influenced by the French, was notably African in character.
Louisiana was mostly guided by Caribbean Code Noir, the legal code regulating slavery in the Caribbean. There were a few local adjustments to the code, but it was largely unchanged. Manumission was difficult and violence was supposed to be regulated to avoid creating too much discontent, though it appears that slave masters frequently brutalized their slaves with impunity. Code Noir mandated the baptism of slaves into Catholicism which stood out from other 18th century English colonies that deliberated discouraged this practice, fearing that any education of slaves was dangerous. Catholicism combined with African spiritual practices over time to form what we call "voodoo." While prominent in the imagination and locally distinct, this phenomenon was actually quite common. We see hoodoo and Obeah, similar combinations of African spiritualism and Christianity, across the American South and the Caribbean.
The Natchez Revolt, a massive uprising of Indigenous people in 1729, prevented the plantation regime from expanding notably for the rest of the French tenure, but the Spanish changed things when they took over formally in 1764 and actually in 1769. Contrary to what most think, it was the Spanish legal code that made Louisiana slavery more peculiar, not the French which maintained a strict boundary between racial groups. The Spanish imported their casta system (with modifications) from Cuba. This made legal distinctions between fully white, mixed race, and fully Black persons. It created important (and enforced) protections against the ill-treatment of slaves, separate legal status for mixed-race persons, allowed for easier manumission and more paths to freedom and made it legally easier for mixed race people to pass for white if they chose. Black people could now even inherit property, and many mixed-raced children of plantation masters manumitted their children and put them in the will. The Louisiana French were more flexible than their previous legal code and took easily to the change. This gave some gens de coleur the power to form a distinct class that persisted will into the 20th century (Homer Plessy of Plessy v. Fergeson fame was of this caste). There was, in part because of these flexible laws, less of a social stigma with freely and openly having a Black or mixed-raced mistress for young or married men. New Orleans quickly acquired a reputation as a sexually libidinous place of interracial unions. This was somewhat similar to what took shape in Caribbean colonies. Outside the cities, the shape of slavery was much the same as elsewhere except that slaves could no longer have guns and had a few more paths to freedom.
There's a lot more I could say, but those are the broad strokes. I may revisit this when I have more time for an answer.
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