I get that dwarves and the basic outline of them come from Scandinavian folklore, but there's also a lot of stuff that don't seem to be clearly based on it, but are also ubiquitous throughout fantasy media.

• Angular, intricate architecture and material culture

• Deeply-ingrained clan and/or caste distinctions

• Relatively high level of technology and mechanisation, sometimes to the disfavour of magic

• Grumpy, stubborn personalities

• Harsh, guttal language dominated by velar consonants

• Tendency towards Scottish/Northern accents in English

• Runic alphabets

Where did these come from? Are they based loosely on traditional Dwarven attributes, or created wholecloth?