"The intellectual forces of the workers and peasants are growing and getting stronger in their fight to overthrow the bourgeoisie and their accomplices, the educated classes, the lackeys of capital, who consider themselves the brains of the nation. In fact they are not its brains but its shit." Vladimir Lenin to Maxim Gorky, 1919

The Bolsheviks had a complex relationship with the educated, middle class--as Lenin writes, many Bolsheviks saw the civil servants and petit-bourgeoisie as defenders or exemplars of the Empire. But at the same time, this is exactly the background of the Bolshevik leaders. Lenin was born to a regionally prominent family, and turned to revolutionary politics after the execution of his brother; Georgi Plekhanov, too, was from a minor land-owning family; Alexandra Kollontai was born to civil servant and minor Finnish aristocracy; Anatoly Lunacharsky was the illegitimate son of Polish nobility; Lev Kamenev was of middle-class birth, though his family had a history of activism. Not all Bolshevik leaders were middle-class, of course (Stalin, Kirov, and Zinoviev, for example, were working-class), but these backgrounds highlight one of the complications of Lenin's characterization. Fin-de-siecle revolutionary circles were often established at universities, which only particularly fortunate students would have the opportunity to attend if not from at least a middle-class family.

Certainly the average civil servant was not a revolutionary, but it was not unlikely for the urban middle-class to hold liberalizing views (more in line with a constitutional monarchy than with the proletariat revolution). Some of these figures, especially academics, were expelled from the Soviet Union in 1921-22. Tens of thousands of educated Russians who had the financial ability to emigrate, especially those sympathetic to the Whites, fled to Europe, China, and America. But for the middle-class workers who stayed throughout the Civil War, the Bolsheviks largely recognized the need for expertise even if they found it somewhat distasteful. These so-called "bourgeois specialists" were necessary to preserve Imperial administrative and technical knowledge, and develop the extremely bureaucratized, centralized Soviet Union.

Scientists of the 1920s were in a unique position, as the early Soviet Union held immense respect for science (envisioning Marxism as a scientific endeavor, after all). Many scientists were permitted to continue their research from the Empire, and until the 1927-1928 there was considerable latitude even on public beliefs. The Cultural Revolution saw the introduction (or imposition) of proletariat workers into scientific communities, and by the mid-1930s the scientific environment had closed considerably. Many prominent Imperial scientists--as well as journalists, civil servants, and Bolshevik leaders--were exiled or executed in the Great Purge.

Mikhail Bulgakov, from a middle-class Orthodox family sympathetic to the Whites, satirized the uneven application of redistribution, the place of science in the Bolshevik Weltanschauung, and the platitudes of Bolshevik ideologues--among many other barbs at the Bolsheviks--in Heart of a Dog:

It's no joking matter!" cried the Professor, then, in despair. "Whatever will happen to the central heating?" "Are you making fun of us, Professor Preobrazhensky?" "What is your business with me? Tell me and make it brief. I am about to go and dine."

"We, the house committee," Shvonder began with hatred, "have come to you after a general meeting of the inhabitants of our block at which the question of reallocation of living space stood..."

"Who stood on who?" Philip Philipovich raised his voice. "Be so good as to express yourself more clearly."

"The question of the reallocation of living space stood on the agenda." "Enough! I understand! You know that according to the resolution of 12 August of this year my flat is excepted from any and every reallocation and resettlement?"

"We know that," replied Shvonder. "But the general meeting, after due consideration of the question, came to the conclusion that, by and large, you occupy too much space. Much too much. You live alone in seven rooms."

"I live alone and work in seven rooms," replied Philip Philipovich, "and I should very much like an eighth. It is quite essential to house my books."

James Andrews' Science for the Masses, Jane Burbank's Intelligentsia and Revolution, Nikolai Krementsov's A Martian Stranded on Earth, and Loren Graham's Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior in the Soviet Union will all touch on various points of your question. Robert Daniels' last book, The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia, has a chapter dedicated to bourgeois intellectuals as well.