There is one example which matches what you’re asking that I can immediately think of: the Glencoe Massacre.

It’s 1692, England and Scotland share a monarch but are still separate countries. William of Orange has recently seized the crown of England from James II (VII in Scotland) Stuart, and is co-reigning with his wife, Mary III. There are a lot of legal questions and political tensions about whether this also made him the legitimate king of Scotland. There was a Jacobite (pro King James and the Stuart line) uprising in Scotland in 1689.

In an effort to end the revolt, in 1691 William and Mary decided to pay the clans of Scotland a sum of money in exchange for oaths of loyalty, however for several reasons (a main one being disagreement amongst the clans as to how to divide the payment between them) the clans had failed to sign by the end of the year.

The Jacobite uprising had been losing steam, and William was in a strong enough position to issue an ultimatum saying that any clan who had not signed the oath of loyalty by January 1 1692 would be met with serious reprisals. The clans decide to get their act together, and most sign before the deadline. However, the Glencoe MacDonalds, for various largely bureaucratic reasons, missed the deadline, with their chief Alasdair MacIain taking the oath instead on January 6th.

In late January, two companies of the Earl of Argyll’s regiment of foot, commanded by Captain Campbell of Glenlyon, arrived in Glencoe with orders of “free quarter”, in other words instructions to house them. This was a fairly common practice at the time in Scotland, and they were hosted for several days by the MacDonalds, who were under the impression their oath of allegiance had been accepted, and that the companies were there to carry out some tax collecting on the orders of the Scottish parliament.

On 12th February captain Campbell was given written orders to put all MacDonalds of Glencoe under 70 “to the sword” at 5 o’clock the following morning, as reprisal for not meeting the deadline for the oath of allegiance. The story goes that Campbell, having received these instructions, dined and played cards with MacIain’s sons, and accepted an invitation to dine with MacIain the following evening. That night, he gave the orders to his troops to carry out the executions, which began at 5am.

Reinforcements that were meant to block exits from the area were late, so a lot of the MacDonalds, including MacIain’s sons, managed to escape the ensuing massacre. But around 38 of the ~200 strong clan died, including MacIain, and their homes were burnt to the ground so those who escaped couldn’t come back.

There were other clans who missed the deadline too, but for whatever reason (possibly the wild reputation the Glencoe MacDonalds had) this clan was chosen to be made an example of. There’s fairly concrete evidence that the decision to make an example of one clan was taken by the Scottish Secretary of State, Lord Stair, well before the deadline was reached.

This event is also partially what inspired the “Red Wedding” from a song of ice and fire / game of thrones.