So today in Mass the priest was talking about the original Greek translation of the Bible and how to eat the body and blood of Christ would have meant more like Gnaw the body and Suck the blood . I’ve known for a while the Bible was originally in Greek but never really questioned how we got names like Mary the Mother of God , Peter the First Pope , Joseph the Dad of Jesus . And a buncha other what I could only say are white/ very not Levantine Jewish feeling names .
How did we get those names ? Do we have any idea what Mary’s name would’ve probably originally been or even Jesus ?
The people around Jesus spoke Aramaic and had Aramaic or Hebrew, sometimes Greek names.
Mary's name is originally Hebrew מרים Miryam, although she would have used an Aramaic version Maryam, which is the base of our Maria and your English Mary.
Joseph's name was יוסף, which can be written Yosef in our letters.
Peter's name is the Aramaic word כֵּיפָא Kefa, which means "rock".
Greek was the language of educated Jews and early Christians in the cities. When the New Testament was written, the Hellenised authors put the Aramaic or Hebrew names into Greek forms, and from there, they received Latin forms when the Bible was translated into Latin. Because Kefa is a common noun that means "rock", the Greek and Latin variants used their word for Rock which happens so be almost the same in both languages.
And when people started to give biblical names to their children, the names became part of the language and followed that language's phonological history. By the same way you get from Old English Eadweard to modern Edward, or an Old High German Hluotwig becomes an English/French Louis you get from Maryam to Mary, from Yosef to Joseph, from Petrus to Peter. These names sound different in e.g. Italian or Spanish, which have Maria, Giuseppe and Pietro, or María, José and Pedro respectively. And so on for other languages who have been using biblical names for a long time. These names are very much integrated now.
So
Do we have any idea what Mary’s name would’ve probably originally been or even Jesus ?
Yes we do, we just need to look at either a Hebrew Bible (because most of people of the New Testament are named after people from the Old one) or at a New Testament in Hebrew or Aramaic. These would contain the names in a spelling that the people themselves would have used. Some forms are further corroborated or approximated by inscriptions on archeological objects found in the area; because Mary, Joseph and Jesus (in their native variants) were really common names. The form "Jesus" is probably a rendering of Aramaic יֵשׁוּעַ Yēšūaʿ.