What are the practical boundaries of declaring oneself a Holocaust survivor? Say someone's born to Jewish parents in Berlin within a week of Nazi Germany's dissolution. Would it be in poor taste when they're older to identify as such?

by Full_Ahegao_Drip
PeculiarLeah

I'm assuming you're meaning a week prior to dissolution? Generally for a historian, researcher, or perhaps someone legally defining a survivor,such a person would still be considered a survivor, but they would not if they were born say, May 15 1945. There are actually many survivors who do not have the Holocaust experiences of surviving mass murder, ghettoization, or a concentration or extermination camp. Take for example the children brought to the UK on the Kindertransport, many were babies or toddlers who wouldn't remember their experiences in Germany, many were brought before the war began. However their lives were both threatened and shaped by the Holocaust.

Take a hypothetical child born in Nazi occupied territory in Germany to Jewish parents on say April 30th 1945. If both parents are together this is almost certainly a child conceived in hiding. Such a pregnancy would have almost certainly been fatal and there is a high likelihood that the child would have died within hours from lack of food as it is unlikely the mother would have been healthy enough at this point to make milk. The birth itself could have been deadly for both mother and child, and depending on circumstance the child may well have been killed to protect the others hiding because a crying baby would likely betray those in hiding. Or perhaps the circumstance is a mother giving birth alone, in which case she could be in hiding, performing forced labor, on a death march, in a concentration camp, in a partisan unit etc.

By this point in the war a Jewish woman surviving pregnancy would be essentially impossible. There had been too many years of starvation for most even to be able to get pregnant let alone carry a pregnancy and giving birth in such a state of starvation would almost certainly have been fatal for both mother and child. This woman would have gotten pregnant in August 1944, a near impossibility itself. Because the Nazis kept men and women separated then such a woman would either have not been under Nazi imprisonment at the time, or the pregnancy would have been a product of rape. If it had been at all possible this woman would also likely have sought out an abortion because that would be her only path to survival. At this time Dr. Gisella Perl was providing abortions in Auschwitz to women who fell pregnant in the camp (almost always as a consequence of rape) or who arrived pregnant but didn't have their pregnancies discovered. Nazi policy by this point was to execute every pregnant Jew immediately, and not exploit them for forced labor. If a Jewish woman at this point did reach a point of pregnancy to go into labor, they would have to do so in absolute silence and secrecy, with no medical care, whether or not she was currently a prisoner in a concentration camp or forced labor camp. Almost certainly both mother and child would not survive, and even if the mother did survive it is highly unlikely that the child would. I have a MA specifically in Holocaust history and I have read only a handful of cases where a Jewish child born at any point during the war survived the war, and almost all of those cases involved the child being put into hiding or being born into organized partisan units. I don't believe I have ever read of a Jewish infant born in 1945 surviving to the end of the war, though that is not to say it never happened.

In any of those cases even with only a week left in the war the survival of a Jewish infant was so improbable as to be closer to a miracle than a statistical anomaly. If a such a miraculous child survived that week, their entire life would still be shaped by the Holocaust and they would absolutely have had their life threatened by the Holocaust which are by far the two most important criteria for determining survivor status.

"I was a Doctor in Auschwitz" Gisella Perl

"Mothers, Sisters, Resisters" Brana Gurewitsch