Do we have a rough idea of how many people in the American colonies supported the rebellion vs supported the British?

by RedbeardRagnar

Your average citizens when war broke out, was it an even split between the two sides or was it swayed one way or another? Or maybe it was a lot more nuanced

enygma9753

I previously answered a similar question here u/enygma9753 about the Loyalist population in the Thirteen Colonies at the time.

Nuanced is definitely the appropriate term. They were not a homogenous group, but quite diverse. When many Americans think of Tories or King's Men, as the Loyalists were also known, images of rich New England merchants, colonial officials, new settlers from England and those in the British military likely come to mind.

While there were Loyalists who fell into these categories, the majority of white Loyalists were American colonists from the lower classes: labourers, tradespeople, farmers, artisans. Most had never even been to England and had no ties there. Many shared common grievances with their Patriot neighbours about taxation without representation and protecting their "rights as Englishmen". They also resented the generous terms given to French Canadian subjects in the colony of Quebec, which protected their rights to language, religion and property. It was anathema to the virulently anti-Catholic, sectarian Protestants in New England, helping to foment the rebellion.

Where they differed was that the Loyalists believed that any grievances could still be addressed within the existing parliamentary system. British parliament was regarded by Loyalists as the ideal form of governance during the Age of Enlightenment -- not the tyrannical dictatorship portrayed in Patriot propaganda. The king was answerable to, and acted on, the will of parliament and thus the people, a principle established since the time of Charles I. Reform, not revolution, was still possible within the imperial system in their eyes.

State-sponsored persecution of Loyalists, depriving them of their property and civil liberties, and sanctioned mob violence drove many Loyalists from their homes and up to 60-80,000 fled to other British colonies, notably to Canada and the Caribbean. These were not the wealthier Loyalists with the means to return to England, but mainly the poorer blue-collar ones who lost their livelihoods and homes forever and endured the long exodus by ship or by foot.

Most white Loyalists, however, would remain in the US and over time assimilated into the local population.

Black and native Loyalists had different motives for siding with the Crown. The Patriots' promises of freedom did not apply to them. Most natives saw the British as the means to stem the tide of American settlement west of the Appalachians into Indian Territory, a region the colonists had long coveted. Blacks were enticed to join the British in order to escape slavery, with up to 20,000 joining Loyalist militias to win their freedom.

Ethnic minorities such as German settlers also sought refuge in the British ranks because they were nervous and unsure if they would be welcomed or persecuted in the new American nation.