Not in any meaningful sense of the word. To be sure, they may have lobbed around Greek and Latin phrases but studying Greek and Latin in the way they did wasn't about gaining conversational fluency - it was about being able to engage with Greek and Latin authors, consider legal constructs, and engage in rhetorical analysis.

More to the point, the Greek they studied wasn't modern Greek. Rather, it was a version of the language that wasn't/isn't even spoken in Greece at the time they were studying. You can get a sense of what they would be studying in this book, even though it's written for a European audience.

In this answer to a slightly different question (French, not Greek), I get into the how the history of foreign language instruction in America has changed over time.