Well actually, mammon, "wealth" — Greek μαμωνᾶς, mamо̄nas, transliterating an Aramaic term — occurs only rarely in the Bible: once in the gospel of Matthew, and then three times in quick succession in a parable in the gospel of Luke, 16:9-13. The last verse, Luke 16:13, is parallel to the verse in Matthew, which says that one can't simultaneously "serve God and mammon."

This personification of mammon is quite similar to something Paul does in Philippians 3:19, where gluttonous persons are condemned, whose "god is the(ir) stomach" (ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία).

In Dale Allison and W. D. Davies' seminal commentary on the gospel of Matthew, they note that the "claim of a few nineteenth century scholars that mammon was a known (Syrian) deity (cf. Milton, Paradise Lost 1.679-80) has been roundly rejected" (Matthew 1-7, 643). The Dictionary of Deities and Demons — the premiere academic encyclopedia of, well, deities and demons in the Biblical world — concurs with this, not even mentioning the hypothesis of mammon as an actual deity; and it only notes that "[i]n some later Christian sources Mamonas is depicted as a demon, 'wealth' being personified apparently on the basis of the fact that Luke 16:13 opposes mamonas to God and calls God and Mammon kyrioi [=lords or gods]" (DDD, 543).

The gospels' sayings about mammon fit into a wider pattern of criticism of wealth in early Christianity and elsewhere in Second Temple Judaism. (The Hebrew text of Sirach 31:7 also warns against mammon.) The term itself wasn't inherently negative, however, and it can be used neutrally to denote "property" in the Talmud and other rabbinic literature.

First of all, the Bible does not contain "many references to Mammon"; it contains exactly four references in total, all of them confined to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

The root of the English word Mammon is the Aramaic word מָמוֹנָא‎ (māmōnā), which just means "material possessions" or "material wealth." The term could also be used as a name for the abstract concept of wealth personified.

It is not impossible that some ancient Aramaic-speakers might have imagined this personification of wealth as a deity, similar to how the ancient Greeks imagined Ploutos as the divine personification of wealth, but, as u/koine_lingua notes in their answer to this question, the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, edited by Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst, notes in its entry for Mammon (on page 543) that there is no evidence for this. There is certainly no evidence of people actually worshipping māmōnā.

Most scholars agree that Aramaic is the language that the historical Jesus and his earliest disciples primarily, if not exclusively, spoke. All the works that are now included in the New Testament were originally written in Koine Greek, but, occasionally, the canonical gospels do incorporate Aramaic words and phrases. The gospels most likely do this in order to give the reader the impression that the author has relied on sources in the original language and can therefore be trusted to convey accurate information.

In some cases, it is possible that the gospel writers may have genuinely relied on oral and/or written sources originating in the Aramaic language and these sources and/or the gospel writers themselves may have deliberately preserved certain Aramaic words and phrases. In other cases, it is possible that the gospel authors or the sources on which they relied may have deliberately sprinkled Aramaic words and phrases into stories that they made up in order to fabricate a false impression of authenticity.

In any case, in both the Gospel of Matthew 6:24 and the Gospel of Luke 16:13, Jesus is portrayed as saying (using almost the exact same wording in both verses):

"οὐδεὶς δύναται δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν· ἢ γὰρ τὸν ἕνα μισήσει καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀγαπήσει, ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει· οὐ δύνασθε θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ."

This means, in my own translation:

"No one can be a slave to two masters; for either he will despise the one and love the other, or be devoted to the one and scorn the other; you cannot be a slave to both God and mammon [i.e., material wealth]."

In this case, the authors of both gospels leave the Aramaic word māmōnā untranslated, rendering it in Greek as μαμωνᾷ in the dative form. (The nominative form would be μαμωνᾶς.) The two other instances of this word in the New Testament occur in Luke 16:9 and 16:11. In both cases, it is simply a common noun meaning "wealth."

When the church father Jerome of Stridon produced the Latin Vulgate translation of the Greek New Testament, he also chose to leave the word μαμωνᾶς untranslated, rendering it in Latin as mammona. Consequently, medieval Christians interpreted Mammon as a proper name and personified him as a demon or evil god of greed and wealth.

Some English translations of the Bible, such as the King James Version (KJV) follow the Greek New Testament and the Latin Vulgate in leaving the word μαμωνᾶς in Matthew 6:24 and Luke 16:13 untranslated. The majority of modern translations, including the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), however, translate the word as "wealth" or "money."