We don't have any surviving evidence of any sort of musical composition from the Norse in the pre-Christian lands of Scandinavia. This is not to say that we have no evidence for music mind you, there is evidence for musical instruments and singing of course, but we do not have surviving compositions or sheet music. Furthermore the surviving musical instruments tend to be of fragmentary nature, though flutes and lyres/harps are attested from archaeological evidence.

But let's focus in on the throat singing aspect that you mention. There are limited references to singing in the Pre-Christian Norse world, and many come from outsiders, so we are in luck! One such account is from the Iberian Muslim Al-Tartushi, which some people point to as evidence for something similar to throat singing.

Never did I hear singing fouler than that of these people, it is a rumbling emanating from their throats, similar to that of a dog but even more bestial.

That should be clear cut right? Sadly things are not so simple, as other translations of the Arabic render the "singing" as a hum, so this wording seems to be a little unclear, furthermore we need to remember that the Norse were typically seen as somewhere between beasts and men by most Arab chroniclers. The Norse were quite obviously not fully appreciated by Arabic accounts, which tend to emphasize their barbarism, lack of cleanliness, and poverty. So it is impossible to say that Al-Tartushi here refers definitively to throat singing, as his description may be colored by his own prejudices and ideas of what "good" singing would look, or rather sound, like. This may just be a case of his own biases against the form of singing that he observed, and I'm sure we are all familiar with comparisons of bad singing to animalistic noises (in a variety of genres).

Is it possible that he is referring to throat singing? Yes, its a practice that is found in many different corners of the world, beyond just Mongolia. Is it clear that the Norse engaged in it as a practice? Not at all.