I will leave it to one of our Medieval historians to comment on the War itself and its effect on the French population.

But around the idea of there being a single conflict called "The Hundred Years War" and lasting from 1337 to 1453, it's actually from what I can tell something of a modern invention. As in, the term "La Guerre de Cent Ans" was first used as a term in 1861, and adopted by other French and by British historians thereafter, but isn't a term or concept that would have been associated with the series of conflicts that it encompassed prior to that.

Which is to say that it really was more a series of interlocking and overlapping conflicts that usually pitted the English monarchs against the French monarchs, directly or indirectly, but these were interspersed with formal treaties and periods of piece (it wasn't just everyone duking it out total war style for 116 years straight).

So for example the "Edwardian Phase" included a bunch of campaigns by Edward III in France starting in 1337 and including separate local conflicts like the War of Breton Succession, with hostilities formally ending with the 1360 Treaty of Bretigny (even in this period there was a formal truce from 1347 to 1352). There would continue to be local conflicts both monarchies got involved in and campaigns against each other, with periods of peace, before things really got serious in 1415-1429.

Interestingly, the conflicts between England/Britain and France between 1689 and 1815 have also been treated as a "Second Hundred Years War." The term seems to be almost as old as the usage for the Hundred Years War proper (it dates from 1883, apparently being coined by Sir John Robert Seeley), but hasn't caught on as much as the term for the 1337-1453 period, perhaps because those later wars are closer enough to us in time for it to feel like they are more differentiated from each other.