“Experience hath shewn, that even under the best forms [of government] those entrusted with power have, in time, and by slow operations, perverted it into tyranny.”
-Thomas Jefferson
“No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. ”
-Thomas Jefferson
"The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government. ”
-Thomas Jefferson
“The Constitution of most of our states (and of the United States) assert that all power is inherent in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves; that it is their right and duty to be at all times armed.”
-Thomas Jefferson
“And what country can preserve its liberties, if its rulers are not warned from time to time that this people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms….The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time, with the blood of patriots and tyrants”
-Thomas Jefferson
“Whenever governments mean to invade the rights and liberties of the people, they always attempt to destroy the militia, in order to raise an army upon their ruins.”
-Rep. Elbridge Gerry, 1789
“The ultimate authority...resides in the people alone...The advantage of being armed, which the Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation...forms a barrier against the enterprises of ambition.”
-James Madison, 1788
“Guard with jealous attention the public liberty. Suspect everyone who approaches that jewel. Unfortunately, nothing will preserve it but downright force. Whenever you give up that force, you are ruined…The great object is that every man be armed. Everyone who is able might have a gun.
-Patrick Henry, 1788
“To preserve liberty it is essential that the whole body of the people always possess arms and be taught alike, especially when young, how to use them…”
-Richard Henry Lee, 1787
“If the representatives of the people betray their constituents, there is then no recourse left but in the exertion of that original right of self defense which is paramount to all positive forms of government,..”
-Alexander Hamilton
“…but if circumstances should at any time oblige the government to form an army of any magnitude, that army can never be formitable to the liberties of the people, while there is a large body of citizens, little if at all inferior to them in discipline and use of arms, who stand ready to defend their rights… ”
-Alexander Hamilton
“…to disarm the people (is) the best and most effective way to enslave them… ”
-George Mason, 1778
“I ask, sir, what is the militia? It is the whole people, except for a few public officials.”
-George Mason
“Before a standing army can rule, the people must be disarmed; as they are in almost every kingdom of Europe. The supreme power in America cannot enforce unjust laws by the sword; because the whole body of the people are armed, and constitute a force superior to any bands of regular troops that can be, on any pretense, raised in the United States ”
-Noah Webster, 1787
I have no idea why it keeps trying to set the flair to Judaism. I just wish I had the option to manually set it. Bot, please...
The 2nd Amendment was less about allowing the people to overthrow a brutal tyranny, and more about ensuring that a tyranny was never established, because a civilian militia was a way to ensure civilian oversight of the military. Almost all of the examples you've posted here mention or imply the establishment of an army, which was implied to be under the total domination of their leaders, whose soldiers served for pay. In the late 18th century political framing of the British colonies - following on very closely from that of the British political framing - armies were almost inherently tyrannical. Men who served in them were automatons, were men of the dregs of society who had no other options but to serve in the army, and were believed to bring disease and moral corruption with them wherever they went.
If you have an army, you can rule by force. You can, in Webster's words, "enforce unjust laws by the sword." The combination of military with political power would mean an unassailable accumulation of power estranged from the will of the people.
A way to check the formation and the use of military power estranged from the citizenry was to ensure that the military power of the nation was the citizenry. If the citizenry was armed, organized, and empowered to act on their political will, they could - if things got to an extreme - act against a tyrannical army. Ideally, the mere presence of an armed, organized, interested citizenry would act well before that point, and we have numerous examples of this happening in the early modern period, from open rebellions to "mob" action, to a wide variety of what we'd term political direct action today, all done with the understanding that the citizenry are the ones empowered to make political choices and political actions. Were that citizenry disarmed or disempowered, anyone with an army could do whatever they pleased against them. The founders understood that force was an easy way to wield power, and to contend against the possibility of military force, it was necessary to keep civilians empowered with the means to assert force on their own.
The founders were looking less for examples of an enlightened citizen militia acting heroically - though they looked very much at perceived histories of ancient Greece and Rome predominantly for inspiration here - and more for examples of the very straight, well-paved road from "army" to "unjust laws enforced with by the sword" of which numerous European nations were considered prominent examples. Many of the German states, Russia, Spain, and France were all mentioned variously in writing by many of who we call the founders as examples of tyrannies or estranged governments.
I've written fairly extensively on this topic, and some of the time it was better written than the above. I encourage you to read though some of my old answers:
What did "well regulated" mean in the American militia?
Could civilians own a cannon? there is an extensive conversation in follow-up questions in this thread.
Another question about what a well-regulated militia meant, with another quite long conversation in the follow-ups.