Here are some previous answers to similar questions:

• How come some of the most important Greek gods were women (Athena, Artemis, Demeter) yet their society remained so strictly patriarchal? by u/mythoplokos
• Several ancient polytheistic religions (like in Greece or Egypt) included female deities responsible for areas, that were traditionally men's jobs in the respective cultures (warfare, hunting, etc). How did deities like Athena for instance come to be? by u/UndercoverClassicist
• Why was one of the Greek Gods of war female, despite Hellenistic culture's patriarchal roots? by u/JoshoBrouwers

These previous questions come at the topic from the opposite direction (asking why there was Athena if society was patriarchal rather than why society was patriarchal if there was Athena) but should still be able to shed some light on your question.