It has been disputed by twentieth-century archeologists and historians, who claimed that to believe that was simply taking at their word Roman and Greek sources which were biased against Phoenicians (more precisely the Punic). However, tophets (cemeteries for sacrificed infants) were found around the Western Mediterranean in Punic settlements. Puzzlingly, none have been found in Phoenicia proper (current Lebanon, Syria, and the land of mandatory Palestine).
So is there a current consensus on the question, and if yes, why were no tophets found in Phoenicia despite infant sacrifice being a charge levied against Phoenicians by the Bible?
The current consensus is that it happened, but we can only see clear evidence of it in the West (as you say). I suspect this is more due to the fact that our ability to excavate at Phoenician sites in the Eastern Mediterranean is now and has always been rather difficult, due to politics and modern occupation. If we could full excavate ancient Tyre and Sidon, I'm fairly confident we would find a tophet, and probably many. The tophet, in fact, is one of the defining features of a Phoenician "city" in the west.
See here for starters.