Did ancient societies have any concept of a stone age? What is the earliest known example of humans accurately defining an era of history before the emergence of kingdoms, cities, advanced tools, etc.?

You might be interested in some earlier threads about how ancient societies imagined previous ages, like this one by u/LegalAction and others, u/KiwiHellenist's answers about Greek beliefs in Bronze Ages (here, here, and here), this old thread by u/agentdcf and most especially this by u/Antiquarianism