Yes, at least initially.

I don't know how familiar you are with the history of the First World War so I'll keep my explanations detailed enough to understand without recounting the full story.

When the war began, Germany sought to knock the French out of the war quickly so that they could focus their attention on the Russian threat to their east. To achieve this, the Germans planned to launch a massive, sweeping advance through the neutral country of Belgium, sweeping around the French fortifications along the French-German border and striking rapidly at Paris.

While the Germans were confident they could overcome the French fortifications, they would need time to do it and time was something they didn't have. The advance through Belgium was intended to bypass the heaviest French defenses. Belgium was not undefended however. In the decades preceding the First World War, advances in artillery had led military theorists to declare the existing fortifications of Europe as obsolete. The Belgians, knowing that their country was a traditional invasion route fro the Germans and French, wanted to discourage the use of their independent country as a highway and so secured the services of French military engineer and architect Henri Alexis Brialmont. Brialmont designed new fortifications that were mostly buried with steel reinforced concrete and retractable guns.. More the a dozen forts were constructed around the strategic population center of Liege, Namur and Antwerp. Each could provide supporting fire for the other and the sapce between forts was supposed to be occupied by infantry.

The Germans initially had great trouble with the forts around Liege. The Belgians refused to surrender the forts and instead committed to resisting the German advance. A number of assaults failed until the Germans brought in heavy artillery. Although designed to resist artillery bombardment, the defensive capabilities of the forts, constructed in 1880s, had since been eclipsed by the advance of artillery technology. The Germans brought up 42 cm howitzers borrowed from the Austrians. These guns, nicknamed Big Berthas, cracked the reinforced concrete open. The forts had not been designed with mechanical ventilation, relying on natural airflow to ventilate the structure. As a result, fumes, smoke and the putrid air from poor sanitary conditions and the dead made the interior unbearable for the garrison. German infantry were also able to get around behind the forts after the arrival of the 42cm howitzers and attack from the rear. The fortifications at Namur and Antwerp met a similar fate. All this said, the forts delayed the German advance, allowing the French and the British to move forces into Belgium to meet the German advance.

The French also had forts, most notably surrounding the historic city of Verdun though more were present along the French frontier. These forts were built from 1874 onwards and were modernised with the development of explosive shells. The largest fort around Verdun was Fort Douamont. By 1915, the examples of Liege, Namur and Antwerp had led the French to conclude that the forts were obsolete and had laregly been stripped of their armaments and garrisons to reinforce the field armies. When the Germans launched an offensive on Verdun in February 1916, Douamont fell within three days with no shots fired as the fort had been infiltrated by a small contingent of German soldiers due to the French not manning their observation and defensive positions.

The fort would be fought over for months and would finally be recaptured in October on 1916. The Frecnh bombarded the fort with 400mm guns which, like the Big Berthas, posed a serious threat to the fort. As the Germans were evacuating, the French attacked and recaptured it. Here is an image of the fort at the beginning of 1916 and here it is at the end of the year after sustained shelling.

The forts at Verdun actually performed quite well, withstanding the bombardment from German artillery. This was largely due to the upgrades performed just prior to the war. This included thickening the concrete and adding additional layers of sand to cushion and absorb the detonation of shells. Where the forts fell short was the ability to defend against infiltration. Because the surrounding areas were aturated by shellfire, it became almost impossible to adequately put troops into the spaces between forts. This could allow small units such as those that captured Douamont and its fellow fort Vaux, to slip by and infiltrate. After the war, the fortifications were connected via underground tunnels, a feature that would also be present in the Maginot Line.

In the east, the Russian fort called Kaunas Fortress is notable, withstanding 11 days of bombardment by German artillery (including the Big Berthas. The size of their shells eventually wore down the defences and the fort was taken by German infantry.

Finally, I'd like to mention Przemyśl Fortress, built and occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city of Przemyśl sat on the River San in what is now south-eastern Poland and was surrounded by a complex of 44 forts. These had been modernised as artillery advanced and even the older fortifications were brought up to a first-class status. The entire fortress complex housed 85,000 soldier and almost a thousand guns. The Russians laid siege to the fortress in September 1914 and were held off for 133 days, finally capturing it in March the following year. The Russians lacked the heavy artillery that the Germans possessed in the west so had to rely on field artillery which was all but useless and frontal infantry assaults. The Austro-Hungarians tried to lift the siege a number of times but were repulsed, eventually leading the garrison to surrender. The Russians occupied the fortress and were late subsequently laid siege to themselves as the Germans and the Austro-Hungarians counterattacked and advanced eastwards.