Findings vary but written numbers started appearing 2000-3000 BC. By that point the world would have had many languages. So did numeric systems evolve way back in a few original Stone Age tribes and then percolate globally or did it spread at a later point with trade ?
That seems to be drawing a too great conclusion. As you can read in this thread by u/Joosemans and this by u/frederfred1 and u/rusoved, base 10 is to this day still not universal, even if it is by far the most common. Some people, famously the Babylonians, have had a base 12 system (which we still use for various things like time and sometimes eggs), and base 20 systems exist in several languages