How can we trust historical documents for being factual?

by AdventureBegins

The question might be a little too broad and I’m sorry. I’m not 100% sure how to articulate my question.

How do we know that documents from leaders, random people, historians, etc…are genuine? Couldn’t they embellish what they put down? How big their troop sizes were, when they were born, who killed who, their adventures, etc…

Do modern historians cross reference multiple documents to feel confident in stating something is fact? What if there is only one account of it?

I guess my one question has spawned a million.

DanKensington

This is a standard hazard of the trade, the same way that restaurant back of house has to deal with sharp knives and fire.

Because humans are lying liars who lie. Humans will lie with spoken words, humans will lie with the written word, and humans even lie in stone carvings. (What, you think the Behistun Inscription is 100% true? If so, I've got a bridge in Minecraft I'd love to sell you.)

Fortunately, there is such a thing as the historical method, the same way as there is a scientific method. Here are some previous threads for you to consider:

Another thread I haven't linked before on questions of this type, but is relevant to one of your questions, is u/Iphikrates dealing with the numbers Herodotus gives for the Persian invasion of Greece.