Some countries did become more religious in the 90s including Afghanistan though I think . for most cases it's really not a result of American foreign policy but rather a reaction to other internal forces. The time period of the 90s is also an interesting choice. But remember one or two countries are not the whole Middle East. The two countries that could fit your intent would be Afghanistan and Iraq and it is worth noting that Afghanistan is not usually classified as part of the Middle East but rather as part of south or central Asia. When people talk about they often show photos of women in Tehran and Kabul from the 1970s wearing skirts and fashionable Western clothing and it is very true that this scene existed but it is important to to remember this kind of fashion was always rather limited to wealthy circles it was not the "common" clothes of the everyday joe.

Afghanistan in the 90s had experienced more than twenty years of war and was still in the middle of a brutal civil war bordering on complete anarchy. A pro communist coup had plunged the country into civil war from 1978 until the the mid 90s and depending on how you count it until the fall of Kabul this year. The early 90s were the end of this struggle as the last vestiges of the formerly communist regime were overthrown and the Mujahidin who had been fighting the government entered Kabul and began fighting amongst themselves for control of the city after four years of anarchy the Taliban swept the country and introduced an ultra strict version of Sharia law based on mixture of Pashtunwali and Deobandi Islam, banning TV, Music, Dancing and requiring women to cover their faces and men to grow beards. This is a very quick summary of these events so feel free to ask for clarification.

Now what does America have to do with all this? Well, America had been funding the Mujahidin with money and weapons from the early 80s until the Soviet withdrawal. This was done through Pakistan and the Pakistani intelligence service the ISI was the organization who actually distributed this aid. This often gets turned into, "America funded/created the Taliban" or “America funded/created Al Qaeda" But neither of these organizations existed at the time. While some Mujahidin did join them later plenty fought against them in the Northern Alliance after the rise of the Taliban. The CIA did make some attempts to ensure money and weapons went to more "moderate" factions but the ISI tended to favor more religious and Afghanistan is a religious country and regardless the name Mujahidin means holy war. There was a lot of money and weapons sloshing around at this time but no evidence has ever turned up that Osama Bin Laden was ever funded by any western intelligence organization.

Through all this the urban class that you see in those 70s photos had been devastated they had the money to flee and many of them did throughout the coup and civil war that followed, and even more when following the collapse of the socialist government Kabul had turned into a literal battlefield between rival Mujahidin factions , the fragile conditions of prosperity that had allowed it to exist were gone and most of the people who had made it up were gone as well.

Things hadn't improved much with the fall of the socialist government. The Mujahidin lacking a common enemy to unit them had fallen into infighting and warlordism. Anarchy reigned murder, banditry and drug trafficking exploded as different Mujahidin factions fought for control. Not just the wealthy or middle class left Afghanistan millions of refugees had fled to Pakistan and other countries many of which were educated in ultra conservative Deobandi madrassas and in Afghanistan through more than two decades of war most were uneducated and those who were educated received an almost exclusively religious education. From this milieu came the Taliban a movement of mostly students (the word Taliban means student) who wanted to end this factionalism and lawlessness and install strict Islamic law. Their movement quickly swelled with recruits from Afghan refugees in Pakistan and they swept across the country implementing their strict version of Islamic law and restoring order, the latter made them quite popular in many parts of Afghanistan especially rural areas where their version of law was not very different then how people lived already and where their enforcement was also more lax.

So while America and the west were intimately involved with Afghan affairs for decades you certainly can't blame this turn on the West anymore, than the Soviets, Pakistan or the Afghans themselves and it certainly didn't have anything to do with pushing "western values” on them. The liberal Afghan upper class was always a tiny fragile minority in a largely rural and conservative country.