I have a question. Why Argentina invasion of Falklands didn't trigger NATO's Article 5? Is it because no one actually declared war or they knew Argentina's going to lose?

After doing learning about the early history of Christianity, I learned about Saturnalia, which is thought to be a major influence on the celebration of Christmas. Before these holidays were infused together, what was the celebration of Christmas like? As in what traditions were used then as opposed to what traditions are used today? Additionally, what traditions have persisted throughout Christian history?

I desperately want to read Heisenberg's paper "On the Structure of the atomic nucleus" (1932) in which he proposed the idea of isospin

You'd think such an important paper would be everywhere online, but I just can't find it, not even in german (not that that would help, since I speak german very poorly)

This paper was published 90 years ago! Before modern copyright laws existed! Surely, surely, there must be a way for people to read it, right? Please, I'm desperate

To be honest I'm starting to suspect the paper was a just a collective fever dream. I mean, plenty of people mention it, but I have not seen any evidence that it actually exists, maybe it doesn't, maybe it's a myth. I'm joking, but I'm very close to saying that seriously

I'm loosing my freaking mind. The paper must exist somewhere online, please, help me find it. I just want to learn

I just want to learn

Since Article 5 of NATO wasn't activated when Argentina invaded the Falkland islands, did the Soviet Union use this to prove that the West was weak and to bolster its own reputation?

How could there be successful archers, some even riding on horses, with out needing glasses? Something like 4 billion people today need a prescription of some kind- what was the case in history? Did lots of people still need glasses but those that had good eyesight become the archers? Or were people just less blind back then? (It’s very possible I’m being dumb and there was some kind of ancient eye wear but it’s never depicted in ancient artwork that I have seen)

I'm looking for books and important articles on Germany in the Early and High Middle Ages, Rus, and Russia up to 1613. All of these I currently have very little knowledge of. I speak neither German nor Russian, which I expect to be something of an obstacle here, though to what extent I would appreciate any details on. For Germany I've already got Horst Fuhrmann's Germany in the High Middle Ages but I'm open to other textbook suggestions.

I'm also interested in Anglo-German and Anglo-Rus connections up to 1066 (beyond, in the case of Gytha) and any books, chapters, or articles concerning that. Anglo-Saxon missionaries, Eadgyth and Gytha, and St Oswald, to give some examples.

I thought it was worth asking. Croatia was obviously damaged significantly from the conflicts, but by 2001 its GDP PPP per capita was above that of Russia, Mexico, Romania, and Poland, and heading into 2022 it is the second richest former Yugoslav republic after Slovenia.

How was Croatia able to accomplish such a quick economic recovery?

A question regarding a career path in history, I will write some things that I love about history and I hope someone could put a name to the description of the career.

What kind of job is heavy in academia but does not do very much teaching, if at all. Maybe like a translator for translating Ancient Greek’s Oxyrhynchus Papyrus or writing research purposes for Jstor (How do the majority of them make their living).

I do not like doing tours of a building or an area (so no tour guides although I have not tried it).

Another thing is if you like European history but you don’t live in Europe, are you mostly just limited to museums?

So basically a name for a history job for an introvert is a career that I would like to know. I do hope this not too simple and not too complicated of a question. I loved history at school and now I don’t know what job is very similar in terms of papers, studying and low amount of interactions with people that there is career-wise.

I’m a Tunisian wondering what happened to the variety of Vulgar Latin spoken in Roman Africa and its speakers in modern-day Tunisia.

After the Arab Invasion of the Maghreb, African Romance couldn’t just have disappeared, right? Why is there so little known about the process of islamization and arabization after the conquest of Carthage in 698?

I must say that modern day Tunisian Arabic does have something Italian going on in its intonation and pronunciation.

To my understanding the progenitors of the early fantasy novel, Tolkien and CS Lewis, oftentimes included references to their various religious beliefs in the books (Aslan is Jesus, for example).

My question is, how did polytheism come to be a popular element of fantasy worldbuilding? Especially when the early genre was being written by very religious people, and the cultures that the genre of fantasy flourished in had a large population of monotheistic people with similar conceptions of divinity.

I recall that the attitude of Communist authorities to rock 'n' roll was often rather dismissive, though I know little on the subject. Is there any record of how this song was received in the Soviet Union? It seems it was rather controversial in the West, so did this affect how it was received in the Communist world?

Looking for a bit of help from any military historians/ sci fi/ fantasy fans.

Writing a book, blah blah blah.

Anyway, in story a fortress wall has been breached, bad guys coming in, good guys defending; problem is, in universe guns are real but there's still a lot of swords and shields combat (because action).

My question is, how would attackers get through the breach and how would defenders actually defend the breach outside of just shooting the hell out of anything trying to get through the breach.

It's actually got me stumped as how to progress any further; I thought about a shield wall with guns taking on another shield wall and then moving back for the classic shield wall vs shield wall combat but it somehow doesn't sit right with me.

Pre-1863, it's common knowledge that masters raped their slaves whenever they felt like it, but did they ever initiate other physical contact, such as kissing and oral sex?

How many slaves did the average master have physical relationships with as well? Thomas Jefferson seems to have had a relationship with only one slave, and I wonder about others.

This is inspired by Kindred the TV show, which I recommend you to watch or read (by Octavia E Butler)

Sorry this is like, an really morbid question (and I'm not 100% sure it belongs here) -- I was thinking about it while I toasted some bread for a sandwich the other day and tried to google it and just got a lot of "we tested the science" type articles. I couldn't seem to find one that actually told me how the concept got started, since in actuality you would obviously never keep a toaster in your bathroom.

During the time I'm most interested in (c.1750 - 1945), hats seem universal for European men of all classes. Whereas, while I know hats existed in Ancient Rome (e.g. the Phrygian cap), most busts, statues and modern representations of Rome show men hatless. Did they not wear them very often?

I’ve noticed a lot in video games and movies/tv that media tends to portray peasants and commoners as being really dirty all the time. However I’ve heard from some this is untrue and a stereotype. I’ve been unable to find any information on it though from decent sources. So I wanted to ask, were they really filthy all the time? Did they ever rinse their face off or rinse their hands? Or was it really as muddy and dirty as movies like to show?