I'm sure many of you have seen the "warning signs of fascism" poster that was sold a few years back in a museum.

What I want to know, is what is the historical context behind those signs? Are they accurate, or are there maybe more accurate ones that came from European academics post WWII?

Here they are for reference:

1.) Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism 2.) Disdain for the importance of human rights 3.) Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause 4.) The supremacy of the military/avid militarism 5.) Rampant sexism 6.) A controlled mass media 7.) Obsession with national security 8.) Religion and ruling elite tied together 9.) Power of corporations protected 10.) Power of labor suppressed or eliminated 11.) Disdain and suppression of intellectuals and the arts 12.) Obsession with crime and punishment 13.) Rampant cronyism and corruption 14.) Fraudulent elections

I know that Japan was ruled by various military governments up until the Meiji Restoration in the late 1800s, but also that the Japanese Royal family still existed (with nominal power) during that time. But I can't seem to find much information on what their lives were like during this period.

Were there any well known royals during this period? Any esteemed scholars or military leaders? Did the royal family entertain the idea of taking back power from the Shogunates before the Meiji Restoration? Or were they happy with a life of decadence and little power, thus staying out of the historical record?

I was scrolling through the internet looking up info about Anne Boleyn and I recently read that Anne had a choice about her death( if she would live or if she will die), it also said that if she would chose to live Elizabeth will not be able to become a queen. I would love to know more about it, but my English is not good so I wasnt able to find it on the internet. Can you please tell me more about it? How come is that? Why did she chose death? Thank you

Before the American Revolution, were those colonies in Canada, like Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, under a different overarching administration than the colonies that would later become the United States? Or were they essentially just peers under the same administration? If they were under the same administration, why did the Thirteen Colonies specifically revolt and not the other ones?

Basically, what is the correct terminology when referring to the people before and after Rome? When did they start and stop being Romans and how do you refer to them? When did those people become Italians?

I have been told that slavery in the Ottoman Empire compared to say, chattel slavery in the British Empire and the US is very different. I am curious what slavery was like in the Ottoman Empire and what lives slaves often lived.

Hey guys, I'm transcribing a civil war diary from a soldier who spent some time stationed in Alexandria, VA (not the whole time, I think). He went fishing from time to time, and recorded every day for about 9 months in his diary. For example, he caught a large perch one day. But the next day, he caught a "fine mejs." The excerpt in question is that "we was out fishing tonight. caught a fine mejs. had better luck than usual."

I did some light googling, but I am certainly not schooled in the ways of fish. It is in cursive, so it could very well be spelled nejs. When I search for that, google does inexplicably turn up the Atlantic Needlefish as the first result. Thoughts on possible interpretations of this diary entry?

I am doing some research regarding medieval maritime trade and trying to get a sense of how long it took for ships (e.g. a cog) to travel from Venice to Alexandria or Cairo. It would also be great if an estimate could be given for a Genoa to Alexandria or Cairo trip. Thank you for your time and help!

(Or, I suppose, compared to 30 years ago, when the episode—Treehouse of Horror I—first aired.)

I was reading about Cicero’s pamphlet praising Cato and Caesar’s reply, Anticato. With Cicero’s text lost is there any chance it could ever be discovered? Are “lost” Roman works rediscovered periodically? If so how are they found? Buried in rubble or in some forgotten corner of a monastery?

Any input would be greatly appreciated!

Hello, I am 16 years old and I am getting homeschooling this year because I'm being treated for cancer and going to school might expose me to covid. Today I had my first meeting with my AP US history teacher. During the lesson he told me that Christopher Columbus never actually landed in America, his first voyage brought him to the Caribbean Islands and the second voyage brought him to Bermuda. A little while after that he said that Paul Revere never did the midnight ride. Instead Paul Revere was placed under house arrest by I think he said the British and there were others that did the midnight ride and said the British are coming. I have learned my whole life that Columbus discovered America and Revere did the midnight ride so when my teacher told me this it was hard to believe. Is any of this true?

On October 13, 1960, Nixon and Kennedy had their third debate. Nixon was in the ABC studios in Los Angeles and Kennedy was in the ABC studios in New York City. They could see and hear each other in real time.

How was this technologically possible in that era?

I know the Louisiana Purchase occurred under Napoleon's rule so maybe not, but if he'd ever been able to really pacify Europe is there evidence he wanted to perhaps retake Quebec or Lower Canada?

I don't know much about the conflict between the IRA and its various splinter organizations against the British government, but I'm curious if women participated in the struggle, either as soldiers, support, or leadership.

Sorry for three questions in the title but I am currently reading a fictional book set in ~1973 which has a spy crossing the border in a rural area and was curious if it was at least a little accurate.