How and why did the world settle on a seven day week?

Seven is such a strange number. Ten or five are more intuitive maybe, so why seven? It's strange to me that all cultures seem to have arrived at the same system.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

Media portrays Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history as some sort of Feudal fragmentation. Was there any real ruler hierarchy? Was it all just usurpers with no legal power?

3 Answers 2020-07-24

How did Ehiopia go unconquered during the colonisation of Africa?

I have seen many memes and others about Ethiopia never being conquered but just how did they do it

3 Answers 2020-07-24

How come Robert E Lee seems to be a much more iconic figure in Confederate history than Jefferson Davis, the actual president of the Confederacy?

I know this is a generalization, but the name Abraham Lincoln carries more weight than Ulysses Grant, so why does the general of the Confederacy seem to be more notorious than the president?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

When did modernist British racism begin?

I'm reading about William Davidson, a Jamaican born radical who lived in England in the early 19th century and ended up as part of the Cato Street Conspiracy among other radicals. By accounts, Davidson had a life in England as a cabinet maker and was a teacher in a sunday school. He may have faced the occasional prejudice, but it also seems that he was able to socialise within British society.

My view of racism in history has been quite crude, thinking that the further back you go, the more racist people are, evidently, this isn't true though is it? Davidson seems to live before a time of racialised thinking. Is it right to say that he may have got the odd look in the street, but on the whole people didn't think "he is a black man therefore he is x". When did the "scientific" racism and the accompanying political ideology and hatred start?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

Why was John Ratcliffe (of Pocahontas fame) ambushed and tortured?

In particular, it appears as though he was overgenerous with his trading with native Americans, so it isn't clear to me why he and 14 other colonists were ambushed and he was singled out for torture by Powhatans.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

Did the payola scandals of the 1960s and 1970s lead to massive fraud or targeted manipulation in the airplay charts?

Hundreds of songs appeared somewhere on the Billboard Hot 100 in that time, and there were many other lists that relied on airplay, so I imagine there were thousands of songs across all the charts. Did payola broadly affect these charts--that is, do they represent a massive departure from what people really wanted to hear most--or was it targeted to move only one or a few songs around at a time?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

Why did Germany commit most of its forces to invading France rather than Russia in WW1?

It is my understanding that Germany did this for two main reasons.

The first is that Germany failed to anticipate how an increase in firepower and a stagnation of mobility would affect modern conflicts. This led to the belief that a short, decisive, mobile-based war with France was within the realms of probability.

The other is that Germany thought that Russia would be able to mobilize before signficant losses could be incurred in a focued invasion, but would mobilize slow enough that it could not intervene in a focued invasion of France before it capitulated.

What other factors are at play that I am missing, if any? This topic is exceedingly interesting to me because of its seemingly underappreciated teaching and alternate history potential. If anyone with the means to educate me further on this aspect of the pre-war wishes to do so, it would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

What is the difference between traditionalist and revisionist historians and their perspectives?

Most examples I can find about them either have to do with war or just make no sense to me. I am doing an independent source investigation on Cleopatra, and I need to understand what traditionalist and revisionist views are to better analyse my sources.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

What was life like in the USSR from 1922-1945, before the cold war?

I have found many things about life in the USSR during the cold war but none about it during its early days. What was life like in the USSR before the cold war?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

What role did relative military expenditures play in the attack on Pearl Harbor?

It's almost impossible, now, to imagine any country being able to execute a surprise to the degree of Pearl Harbor against the United States. I know the reasons usually given for Japanese success - ships were conveniently grouped together, radar readings were faulty, it was a Sunday, etc.

But a large part of the reason it's hard to imagine another Pearl Harbor is because the US massively outspends and outclasses just about everyone else in terms of weaponry. Is there any evidence that the Japanese military was "better" than ours, in the way we think of it now?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

I'm a Soviet spy in 1960, living in New Jersey. I want to defect, I have extremely important and classified information, and it needs to reach the President ASAP. Who do I report myself to and who would be authorised to grant me asylum? How likely am I to get in a room with President Eisenhower?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

The chronicle of Magellan's voyage by Pigafetta describes a beast which is the seal of China according a "Moor" trader he met in Indonesia. He calls it "cingha," but is this the "Long" 龍, or what we call today the "Chinese dragon?"

I've read a couple different scans online of English translations of Antonio Pigafetta's account (and some other of the accounts of the Magellan-Elcano voyage). I just today got myself this copy of the 1994 translation by RA Skelton, who writes in a note that "cingha" refers to: "The dragon, emblem of China." But I have not seen the word cingha elsewhere and a quick google search turns up nothing.

The passage in question reads:

All the kings and lords of Greater India and Upper India obey this king, and for a sign that they are his true vassals each of them has in the middle of his square a beast graved in marble, handsomer and bolder than a lion, and it is called Cingha. And this Cingha is the seal of the king of China. And all those who go to China must have his engraved beast impressed on wax [or?] on an elephant's tooth, otherwise they could not enter his port.

[after a couple sentences on punishment of disobedient lords it continues...]

This king does not permit himself to be seen by anyone. And when he wishes to see his people, he rides through the palace on a peacock made by great mastery and craft (a thing very rich), and he is accompanied by six of his principal women attired like him. So he goes until he enters a serpent called Nagha, also made by artifice, and as rich a thing as one could see, which is in the largest court of his palace. And the king enters it, and his women, that he be not recognized among them. And so he sees all his people through a great glass which is in the chest of the serpent, where he and his women can be seen, but he cannot be recognized.

I also find it interesting to see the naga also mentioned. As I understand it, naga is a word spread from India to China with Buddhist lore, and is featured in both Buddhist and Hindu tradition as a powerful serpent creature associated with the sea. And sometimes it is interchangeable with the Long/龍 in China.

About his source, Pigafetta writes,

All these things and many others were told to us by a Moor, who said that he had seen them.

It can be read here in the last 3 pages of the free preview on google books: https://books.google.com/books?id=sclFZPrPVhsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Here are a couple old books on Chinese dragons which I have read and which I do not recall using any word similar to cingha

Hayes, L. Newton. (1923). The Chinese Dragon

https://archive.org/stream/chinesedragon00hayeuoft#page/40/mode/2up

Marinus, Willem de Visser. (1918). The dragon in China and Japan

https://archive.org/stream/cu31924021444728#page/n51

  • Is there a word resembling "cingha" that referred to the Chinese dragon? Maybe a word from South Asia or Southeast Asia?

  • Are the said practices involving the Chinese seal true (reported elsewhere)?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

What is Lesser Brittain?

I'm reading The Mists of Avalon, and the author (Marion Zimmer Bradley) keeps mentioning "Lesser Brittain." And that got me thinking: if there's a Great Brittain, wouldn't there be a Less/Lesser Brittain? I've simply been assuming that it was called only "Brittain" originally (the London area), and that the other kingdoms, i.e. Wales, Scottland and Ireland, together with Brittain made Great Brittain. Does this make sense? Anyway, I'm just wondering what Lesser Brittain was, if it ever did exist.

EDIT: I'm very proud of myself for consistently spelling Britain wrong. SMH

1 Answers 2020-07-24

In the Netflix series Norsemen, Vikings refer to slaves as "subhuman" to differentiate from themselves. Was this view actually common in the Viking Age?

I've read that Vikings often enslaved their own and took slaves as wives, so this doesn't make sense to me.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

Why are lions so prominent in northern European medieval art? (Heraldry, flag designs, etc) Were there lions that far north in the past?

English, Scottish, Dutch, Scandinavian heraldry all prominently use lions in different designs. How did they even know lions existed? How could a British or Swedish noble know to use a lion design... did northern Europe have a lot more contact to north Africa than I realize or was there some species of "cold weather" lion I'm not aware of that lived up there in the past?

1 Answers 2020-07-24

The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945. What do Americans think about the aftermath of the bombing? and the way survivors were used as guinea pigs being studied instead of treated?

The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of them civilians . Tokyo was also subjected to fire bombings, killing another 100,000 more civilians and leaving 1 million homeless.

1 Answers 2020-07-24

I’m a Spartan woman and I wish to learn how to fight and train like the men.

Is this possible? If so, how? Where do I go to seek training? Can I, a woman, train with the men?

1 Answers 2020-07-23

Were there any classical music sleeper hits that went unappreciated when released but became popular in the modern era?

1 Answers 2020-07-23

The initial purpose of a shelter was to protect humans from the elements and predators. When did aesthetic / appearance become an important part of a home?

1 Answers 2020-07-23

Were the concept of a total global war involving all the great powerhouses of the world even discussed before the events of 1914 and 1939?

If so, to wich extent? If not, when did people start using this term? (because as far as I know, when the wars happened they were called the Great War and the Second Great War)

*If possible, I want to know it from the military point of view

1 Answers 2020-07-23

Many small medieval European cities with populations under 7,000 built huge, resource-intensive cathedrals. How the Church compel the population to donate toward or work on these structures? Were the locals enthusiastic about helping bring them about? Were there outside benefactors paying the bills?

3 Answers 2020-07-23

How much could a relatively well off person in the city of Rome, around 100-200AD, tell about the Roman Republic? Would he know of Scipio Africanus? Marius? Sulla?

1 Answers 2020-07-23

MK Ultra Drug Legislation

Hey guys,

I'm writing a report in school about Nixon's War on Drugs, and I'm trying to tie in the influence of MK Ultra on drug legislation/governmental opinion of the time. I'm using the time frame of 1971-1973ish, essentially I'd like to know if there are any relevant ties, and any sources that may back up this point. Thank you!

1 Answers 2020-07-23

These American Indian rock paintings were shown on a ranch real estate listing in Texas. Any idea what culture and how long ago these were made?

Here is the real estate listing. In the body of the listing, it has some info but nothing more other than archeologists visit the site. Some of the rock paintings have graffiti scratched on them from over a hundred years ago. Would be interested to know the age and the culture that made them. This is Dryden, a city in Terrell County, Texas. Appreciate any info.

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1 Answers 2020-07-23

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