I know it was common for people to address George Washington as "Your Excellency". When did people stop using this for the president, and why?

To my knowledge there were several presidents which were pro-slavery or at least southern sympathizers and still alive at the time of the US Civil War. To what extent, if any, did these men help the Confederates?

What's the difference between the theories in Ian Morris' Why the west rules for now and Jared Diamond's Guns, germs and steel?

It seems like both authors are proponents of the Geography hypothesis, what I don't understand is why WTWRN doesn't get as much flak as GGS, it's been a while since I read the books so what's the difference between their arguments?

I know that noble manor-houses and castles would be built by large teams of professional architects and carpenters and other people like that, but what about the houses of rural peasant villages? Would it be more common for a peasant to hire a professional carpenter to build him a house, or would it be more likely that the whole village would pitch in to build each others houses, with every villager having some basic knowledge of construction?

I am not necessarily looking for information on Yasuke specifically, but more of what sort of position he actually held in court. Is there cultural context that goes deeper than the literal translation of his title?

I was doing some research on coups in Turkey and noticed that there were failed coup d'tats in 1962 and 1963 perpetrated by a certain Talat Aydemir, but I can't find any more information on it. What happened?

There are many references in literature and the like to the Articles of War, but what actually were these articles? What were the consequences for breaking them?

When Hanninal crossed the Alps, he brought with him several elephants. If I remember correctly, he lost most of them along the way. Were the skeletons of these elephants ever found? What happened to their remains? I'm picturing Italian farmers hundreds of years later finding skeletons of elephants in the Alps and being very confused, or Gaulic tribes finding them and the discovery of these monstrous creatures bones having a big affect on them. Did anything like this happen?

How much damage could a single battleship (or a task force of one battleship and one heavy cruiser) do to convoys of 30+ ships? Or was the value more about proving that the threat existed and requiring additional resources for convoy protection?

I recently watched the Death of Stalin. I know that it’s a comedy, but I’ve heard that it portrays the events surrounding his death pretty well. In it, General Zhukov was brusque but seemed to have a good sense of humor. How realistic was this portrayal? If it wasn’t realistic, what was he really like? And finally, how good of a General was Zhukov? I understand that he had a hand in defeating the Nazis on the eastern front, but was that from his own skill or was it from the Nazis blundering?

My dad started watching the Russian series about the WW2 PQ-17 convoy incident. He asked me what PQ stands for since I'm using the computer. I looked it up, but couldn't find the answer on any English-language site. However the Russian wiki-page for the arctic convoys claims that PQ stands (or stood) for the initials of P. Q. Edwards, a British officer in charge of the convoys. Neither my dad, nor I believe it to be so.

Could anyone shed some light on this?

Thank you.

During the years of slavery in America were there groups/organizations that openly opposed slavery and were fighting for the rights of black people in America?

Were there protests? What sort of feelings did the average American have towards slavery?

Hi I just watched a video made by olly from philosophy tube about antisemitism, at one point he said that jewish community being greedy bankers due to bible laws that prohibits charging interest to fellow christians in money lending in return, the lord of the land taxed them heavily but did these stereotype about jewish people exists in middle ages islamic world as I read that islamic world at that time is more tolerant at the jews compared to christians in the same time period

Was it equivalent to horse theft or carriage theft? Was there even a black market for stolen bicycles?

Rostovtzeff was a giant in his field, especially in his innovative use of archaeology to support his arguments. Now, apart from his very misleading summary of the late Roman economy towards the end of the book (a "terror" state, which suppressed the self-governing city) and his anachronistic usage of the terms "bourgeoisie" and "class struggle", does his use of archaeology and the description of the provinces still hold up well?

So I just listened to Dan Carlin’s Supernova in the East pt.4 and in it he describes the battle of Midway. As he was describing it he mentioned that carriers had CAP(Combat Air Patrol) to defend their airspace and ships from being attacked. In addition he mentioned that anti aircraft fire was also employed. Also with the reality of how torpedo planes worked, basically coming level with the ship, did CAP not follow them to avoid the ships defenses? Basically I want to know how the fleet that was being attacked avoided shooting their own down. If they didn’t try to avoid that, that begs the question, how did that weigh psychologically on the sailors?