How exactly did the Europeans and Native Americans learn each other’s languages? How long did that take? Did the Europeans bother to learn the Native American languages or did they force the Native Americans to learn the Europeans languages? How did the groups interact with each other before they could speak?

Or is it just a coincidence that both major powers in WW2 are bureaucratic?

I'm trying to come up with an OC, and she basically fights close-quarters with a wakizashi and a tanto. Was this a thing done in feudal Japan? Or was the daisho strictly katana and wakizashi?

For those who don't know, daisho is basically dual-wielding for samurai. As far as I could tell, daisho was strictly done with a katana and a wakizashi, which is basically a short sword. My question is, were there ever exceptions?

How thoroughly did Native Americans explore the American continent?

And what did Native Americans think of all the wonderful things (like the Grand Canyon and Utah's sandstone arches and Yosemite and so on) that we've made into national parks?

Edit: To clarify, I guess my question is more so if there is evidence that the Romans referred to their own language as Latin to honor the original speakers of the language? Or maybe there is evidence that they say they're speaking Roman and other sources are the reason we know them as speaking Latin? Likely a mixture of the two. Really I'd just like sources on the questions I just asked.

I understand why Italy and Germany may have forged an alliance because of their similar political systems but what made Japan join the Axis powers?

Mosin-Nagants have a reputation for being crude. Simple, and easy to make. What makes them more crude than other bolt actions such as the Mauser or Enfield?

It's been lurking in my mind for years. What I've heard years ago was that a Jewish person/group (or someone against their will) who was working on a part would slightly tamper a piece of a gun, bullets, or equipment to have a malfunction later on.

It sounds like a possibility, but questions pop up like;

• Did they really force them to work on important German equipment?
• Wouldn't it be safer to just kill them?
• Was there no testing or quality control?
• Was this why germans were stuck using bolt-action rifles instead of new advanced weapons like M1 Garand?

Bit of small thing but It got me thinking. Can anybody confirm this?

This is one example-

In this show my girlfriend is watching calling knighthood, there is this guy really scraggly looking, carrying a giant wood cross in chains almost naked, while a bunch of guys punch him once as he walks by. They're saying in the show this is his repentance. I've seen in other forms of media where they would do public whippings in medieval times.

Truthfully, how bad was repentance in the past?

I come from a background in political science and I've heard of and dealt with a bit of Focaultian thought/theory. Personally, I never cared for it nor did a lot of people in my field take it seriously in my experience. I've heard that some historians value his work theoretical framework.

Why is he important?

From what I can understand of him, his writings aren't that historically accurate and to me he seems of full of himself and the historians who use this theoretical framework don't appeal to me.

Edit: If anyone can find representative photos of pre-development Monaco, please share. I only found postcard-type photos of the western wards.

I was looking at a few population graphs to see the impact Katrina had on the population and I noticed a sharp decline in population after 1960.

They went from about 650k to 350k in 50 years and I can't seem to find a straight answer (maybe there isn't an easy answer)

I could not find out about a ban in Austria FWIW.

I only ask, because it seems in many cases it seems names from antiquity don't have such staying power (i.e. many Roman names are not Italian names today). Is this the correct impression?

Does anyone have any sources/articles/info on how the spread smallpox among the native American population benefited/hindered European colonialism in the Americas? Thanks

I'm wanting to start a historical fiction project set in the year 535AD or so, around the time that there were the widespread famines and mysterious sun blotting out weather conditions.

Is there a decent map of what the borders of places looked like then, that's reasonably historically accurate?

Ive started reading Truth, Lies, and O-Rings by Allan J. McDonald and one thing i still don't understand is why Management continued with the ill-fated launch. Was there external pressure or was it just communication issues?

I tried to google and search this sub as well, most I can find is horses went extinct in NA 12,000 years ago, horses reintroduced in 1600s

Was there any animal species at all that was introduced by Leif and his people? We know they made the round trip several times as they built stuff, went back told people, came back again. So they surely had some horses, right?

I had heard this, but the source was a bit sketchy. What was the reality to crime & punishment for women in Victorian Britain? Was it more common for a woman to be sentenced to transportation?

It seems that places in appalachia today, such as eastern kentucky and west virginia, get attention for a high rate of poverty and low measures in quality of life (like health indicators such as obesity and insurance coverage, educational attainment, etc.). But I also have the impression that the 'war on poverty' in the 60s was focussed on places in this region as well, where there were many impoverished, rural whites. So, I'm wondering if poverty is a new or growing problem in this area, or if it's been a persistent issue even when the coal industry boomed?