I'm intrigued by the way that the Ottomans managed to

• beat back a European crusade
• then suffer a huge defeat by the Timurids
• then suffer a lengthy civil war and instability
• but still manage to quickly reorganize and go back on the offense against Eastern Europe

all in a relatively short timespan. Is there any writing on the rapid reversals of fortune for the Ottomans during this time?

I'm a history student and I am thinking about writing a paper about military history of the Eastern Roman Empire, maybe about it's provincial military system. I'm not entirely sure what the subject should be but the main thing is that I don't know where to look for/what are good and reliable historical sources about that topic. Thanks for any help.

My guess is that it’s something in between, but I’m mostly curious if he’s overall viewed in a positive or negative light in Spain today, both by historians and by everyday Spanish citizens. This question was prompted after seeing a monument dedicated to him in Madrid, and I thought it was strange that they would celebrate someone who was instrumental in overthrowing the First Spanish Republic (though of course the monument was built in 1907 shortly after his death, so it makes sense if perceptions have changed since then).

A corollary question would probably be what the perception of the Republic is today as well; was it a political mess that “needed” to be overthrown for the good of the country or is that short period of time looked back on fondly from today’s lens?

I know the modern (Naples) pizza didnt come until much later, but I've seen several references to similar foods being made in the Mediterranean area even before the founding of Rome. These are generally said to be flatbreads with toppings.

What I am really curious about is whether this was ever done in a large social setting in early Roman culture. It's common in the current day to serve pizza to large groups as the main or only course. Were the "pizzas" of antiquity ever served in this manner, or just one part of a meal made at home? Both?

I'm also curious how popular or even available such food was to soldiers. I've been trying to learn more about the actual daily lives of early Romans outside of major events, and not-quite-pizzas fascinate me for some reason. Thank you for reading my question, you folks give some great answers!

Considering the US also has plenty of land to disperse a road mobile ICBM, why didn't they deploy them like China or Russia?

Why do peoples in sub-saharan africa claim that north africa is originally black and they say the arabs came and they exiled the black peoples and now its majority arabs and its not their land But when north africans Do Dna tests they are originally north africans and they are have even more south europeans blood than middle eastern what does it mean?.

I heard that the Germans built their lines to face in one direction. So why didn’t the English, using its powerful navy, sail round behind them and land men to take the front?

Was listening to the They Might be Giants song and was wondering if there was uproar over the name change or if people were chill about it edit: I cant believe my dumb question got silver, thanks!!

Currently there is a show on the History channel exploring a money pit on Oak Island near Nova Scotia. How much of this is based on reality and how much it TV? What do we actually know about it?

This has always bothered me. We know humans originated in Africa. And then migrated around the region and evolved to build ships and to sail to a continent half way across the globe to find.. humans? How did they get there?

hello, I recommend books from the Middle Ages, medieval times? I'm very interested but I don't know what to read or see, like things about the nobility, kings, betrayals, sieges, etc

thanks

While researching my family history i came across a document telling of the land one of my ancestors occupied. The text is as follows "Alured de Merleberge holds the Castle of Ewias from William the King. (The King himself granted to him the lands which William the Earl, who had re-strengthened this castle, had given to him.) That is to say, 5 carucates of land there, and at Manitone other 5 carucates. The king granted to him also the land of Radolfus de Bernai, which land belonged to the castle. There he had in demesne 2 ploughs and 9 Welshmen with 6 ploughs rendering 7 sextaries of honey and 12 borders working one day in every week. There are 4 cowherds and 1 "man" rendering 6 pence. His five knights, Richard, Gilbert, William, and William and Harnold, have 5 ploughs in demesne and 12 borders and 3 fisheries and 22 acres of meadows. Two others, William and Radolfus, hold land for 2 ploughs. Turstin holds land rendering 19d and Warnerius land of 5s. They have 5 borders. This Castle of Ewias is worth £10.[2] He had a daughter Agnes, to whom he gave a large tract of land, supposedly as a wedding present.[3] In Radelaw Hundred the same Alured holds Cuure. Earl Harold held it. There are 15 hides paying geld, but King William acquitted 6 hides from payment of geld. Agnes, daughter of Alured, the wife of Turstin de Wigemore, holds this Manor. In demesne there are 2 ploughs, and a priest and a bailiff and 26 villeins and 8 borders. Amongst them all they have 32 ploughs. There are four serfs and a smith, and the meadow and wood renders nothing, and one hide of this land lies in the King's Wood. In the time of King Edward, the third penny from the three hundred belonged to this Manor. Now it is taken away--Then it was worth £25, now 100 shillings less.[4] The great Earl William who granted land at Wigemore Castle to Turstin, and Ewias Castle to Alured de Merleberge, was killed in a battle in Flanders in 1070, and his son Roger succeeded him as earl of Hereford. Tile latter with his brother-in-law, the Earl of Norfolk, rebelled against King William. For this act his hand was forfeited and he died in prison. As above shown, the king re-granted Ewias to De Merleberge, while Wigemore was granted to Ralf de Mortimer" i am very curious as to what some of these norman terms mean such as borders villeins ploughs andsextaries. I would love if a historian could explain these norman conquest terms.

I'm curious to how exactly these seers lived and what sort of rituals they performed

Did they see Moses in a positive light? Did they see the enslavement of the Jews in Egypt as being applicable to their own hardship in the Americas?

I’m thinking about the Middle Ages when Christianity was spread to the Germanic or Slavic pagan populations of Northern and Eastern Europe? What made Christians so much better at converting people? Did pagan groups just not care about spreading their religion?

(Minor spoilers for 1917) I saw 1917 last night, and in a couple scenes there are African and Indian soldiers serving in units that have both white European, and Indian and African troops in them. Would this have happened in the First World War? (Just to be clear I was happy to see POC troops represented in this movie, and even if this part wasn’t historically accurate, I’m still glad they were represented)

Treatments used for Syphilis included Mercury (ingested, injected, exposure via steaming, or rubbed into the skin), Malaria, Salvarsan and Neosalvarsan, which were arsenic compounds. I'm sure there's more but I can't think of them right now.

I only find articles stating their side effects, but I'd like to know, did any of these treatments actually work in getting rid of Syphilis for good? I know some might've gotten rid of things like ulcers or sores but the person still had Syphilis. I want to know if any were actually successful in curing Syphilis.

Thank you.