I'm looking for a source for my dissertation, but cannot for the life of me find it. My supervisor suggested it, but can't remember where exactly it was either. All I know it was a Pliny (I don't know if it was Elder or Younger), and that it was about a Roman soldier who continued to join battle despite losing every time. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

I'm beginning to think about what I want to do my undergraduate history dissertation on and I'm struggling a bit. I know I'd like for it to be based in 20th century and in an English speaking country. The topics I'm interested in are rather unique. Eg if I spoke Russian or German I would without doubt pick Nazi Germany or Soviet Russia because I'm very interested in totalitarianism.

So my interests are: -totalitarianism -communism vs fascism -how society is organised -media and the formation of public opinion -power and where it resides in society

My interests lean into sociology a bit. Any insight or guidance on how you nailed your dissertation topic would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

I might be wrong, but I would think that a full suit of armor would be expensive, as would the horse barding and weapons that are conveniently all gathered in a large area, albeit in possibly poor condition. While I'm aware that small scale scavenging after a battle can and did take place, did the victorious side in the engagement ever make any effort to strip the bodies of valuables? Did they just send in everyone, or were there small groups of people who did this regularly?

I'm conducting research on early road networks in New Brunswick, Canada. Many of the Legislative Journals from the 1800s talk about "turnpiking" with respect to road construction and maintenance. Here's a couple of examples:

• "Clearing and leveling -$122; Repairing bridges and culverts - $175.20; Turnpiking 42 rods - $122.20"
• "Eight hundred and twenty five rods of turnpike have been renewed, two hundred and thirty two rods have been gravelled, and a large number of culverts and crossings have been rebuilt and repaired."
• "The road has been made, turnpiked, and partially gravelled"

I know that a turnpike is a toll-road, but the way that it's worded in these documents, it sounds more like something to do with construction.

Any insight would be appreciated.

Let's say I'm a Spanish sailor living in Santa María de la Antigua Darién in 1511. What did the town look like? Did it have buildings and forts like later colonial towns would or because this was the first one was it smaller in scale?

The town was a point of departure for many caravels setting out to explore the mainland. What did its harbor look like?

I'm really intrigued with life in one of the first Spanish colonies, thanks for your help in advance.

Ok so I have a question for my fellow historians. As im from the U.K they dont teach the Vietnam war here in schools often , it's quite rare. Any way I'm writing a book about the war and the aftermath. And I've done a lot of research that helps but a while back I remember hearing the fact that the U.S started the war to gain money and it was a pointless war to put money into the hands of some high class men. Ive done some research on the Pentagon papers but its not helped much . Can someone please evaluate on why the U.S would do this and the whole reasoning or give me some history or anything. I just want to know how they made a profit on the war and why it was started other than the domino effect.

Thanks :)

It's been a while since I've watched something billed as a docu-drama and I noticed this being heavily advertised on my Netflix account. As a natural skeptic and someone who doesn't necessarily trust Netflix's bonafides when it comes to documentaries and gatekeeping knowledge, I have to admit I'm wondering whether this series is worth watching if I wanted to actually learn more about the event in question.

So I know that nobles and intellectuals in other areas of Europe spoke Latin, but did medieval Russian nobles speak it given that they were Eastern Orthodox? If not, did they speak Greek, Old Church Slavonic, or just their native Slavic language? And how did this change over time?

It's a known fact that William The Conqeuror was both a english king and a french noble but what I don't know was how interconnected this made them. William had to bow down for the french king but did his power apply in England? Did the french see England as a vassal, as an indepedent power or as another part of France? Were the english nobility automatically connected to the french nobility or a separate dynasty?

I am a bit submerged by the volume of production on the Civil War, and I need advice. I am looking for a good, synthetic and scholarly work on the western Theatre of the Civil war: the River war with Grant and Sherman, Texas, etc... In a way, something comparable to Battlecry for Freedom by McPherson, but focused on the western part of the US, if such thing exist! Thanks in advance!

My Grandmother lived in Leipzig her whole life. When WW2 broke out she was 12 year old, and she found the war to be a welcome change compared to the monotony of every day life. These attitudes would change in time of course due to the things she saw. Regardless, the US army occupied Leipzig for a couple months before the German surrender. During the period of US control, my Grandmother reported US helicopters flying low over the streets of Leipzig and firing indiscriminately, shooting at anything which moved. At this point she claims to have decided she hated the Americans, and was optimistic about the new Soviet occupation, an optimism which would stay with her and then her husband, until the 1970s. Regardless, after light research, I could not find any other accounts of US military misconduct in Leipzig. Is there any other information like this, or at least any other first person accounts which correlate with her story?

Did some peasants of the middle ages ever work with out food or little food now and then?

Didn't the Empire in 9 CE have larger HR than the Republic in 3rd century BCE? So why were they unable to replace a third of the losses suffered at Cannae?

Now I'm not an expert in history but from what I know in the 12th maybe 13th century countries like france and england were pretty decentralized like the HRE

but what led to the HRE not being centralized the way england and france did? I know the riechreform was about this but why so late?