French Canadians agitated for independence in the 20th century and claimed to be worried about losing their culture and language. What specifically was the issue that independence would solve? What concessions did Canada make leading to the movement dying down?

I don't get how culture and language would be promoted via independence. Was it that the English Canadians were refusing to let the French language be taught in schools? How were they standing in the way of French culture?

The movement has since died down. Did the French Canadians achieve something meaningful?

1 Answers 2022-07-28

Why is Jesus birth year used as year zero?

As the title says....

1 Answers 2022-07-28

When was the First story Of King Arthur Written and Published?

So,I’m trying to do some research into the Arthurian Mythos as a Whole and I’m wondering when exactly the first Written Story/Account of King Arthur and His “Knights of the Round table” Began.

1 Answers 2022-07-28

What war crimes did the Allies commit in WW2 that we know of?

Obviously the nazis are evil. Not trying to find points in their defense. I just know that nothing in history is black and white and I'd like to be aware of the atrocities that us Allied countries perpetrated. All good with "conspiracy theories" too, but please could you make the nature of your comment clear so I could distinguish them from 100% proven fact? Thanks guys

2 Answers 2022-07-28

A commonly reposted internet claim is that during Prohibition, dissolvable bricks of grape juice came with a warning "Do not store in darkness for 20 days, because then it would turn into wine". Is this accurate? I can't find a simple photo of one.

There are many web pages I can find (random example here: https://grapecollective.com/articles/prohibitions-grape-bricks-how-to-not-make-wine) which post images of these bricks, indicating that the bricks existed, but not the specifics that there were direct prohibition-dodging instructions attached. It says you can add "Benzoate of soda" (Today we would call it sodium benzoate) to prevent fermentation, but it doesn't give the instructions which are obviously meant to encourage fermentation.

I can't find a single photo of one of these bricks with the claimed phrase.

There are of course images people have put together, like this one: https://pics.me.me/source-is-mentioned-in-our-blog-www-unbelievablefactsblog-com-during-prohibition-grape-4225356.png but obviously anyone can put that together in 5 minutes.

Was the specific disclaimer about not leaving the grape juice to ferment a real thing? I don't see why they would have both this disclaimer, AND the "add sodium benzoate" disclaimer to both avoid fermentation. Is it possible to debunk this? The ideal resolution to this would, of course, be to have a picture of the packaging of one of these bricks proving that it was real, but failing that, it would be nice if the origin of this myth could be identified.

Thank you!

1 Answers 2022-07-28

Did the civil rights act make whites worse off economically?

It seems to me that a lot of modern "white privilege" discourse has a very zero sum orientation. In other words it seems like some progressives assume that if black people are made better off then white people must be made worse off, and so whites have to give up their "privilege" in order for black people to have equal rights. While this isn't explicitly stated it seems to be implied by the framing of a lot of this type of discourse.

But is that true? Were whites made worse off by, for example, the passage of the civil rights act? The civil rights act obviously gave black people more job opportunities, but does that mean white people in the south now have fewer job opportunities than they otherwise would? I would think that allowing millions of black people to more fully participate in the economy would in fact spur economic growth and create jobs. Is that what happened or no? Are there any papers on the economic impact of the civil rights act?

1 Answers 2022-07-28

What are good biographies on Joseph Smith and the early days of Mormonism?

I've recently become interested in early Mormon history, but my knowledge is just reading through the Wikipedia articles and the like. I'm hoping to learn more about Joseph Smith specifically and the early Mormon days more generally. I've seen Kingdom of Nauvoo by Benjamin Park recommended on here and plan to read it. I've seen others mention Rough Stone Rolling by Richard Lyman Bushman, but I'm not certain how it is regarded by historians. Any recommendations for this period and Joseph Smith would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Why didn’t Americans in 1776, and Southerners in 1860/1, hold referenda, for popular approval of independence?

In 1776 and 1860/1, American and then Southern separatism were approved by legislatures. There was no popular referendum to have a public vote for independence.

Why didn’t people who supported independence in 1776 and 1860/1 hold referenda to have the public vote on independence?

Wouldn’t having popular votes in favor of independence made it much harder for independence to be opposed by the UK and the North?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Can someone help me identify a ship and locations from my grandfather's World War II photos?

I recently came across all of my grandfather's photos he took during World War II. My grandfather NEVER talked about the war. My family has very few details. I do know that he was in the Navy as a "pharmacist's mate". He served on the USS Carter Hall (44-45). However, the first photo does not appear to be the Carter Hall. The caption on the back reads:

"A picture of my ship. You see it sitting high and dry on the rocks. Taken just after the typhoon hit us."

I assume this is the typhoon of December of 1944. But I can't seem to correlate any of the ships that were damaged to whatever type of ship is in the picture. I know he was in the medical department and saw a lot of injuries, which is why he probably never opened up about his story. This might be some kind of medical ship.

The second picture mentions the "City of Nahu(?)" - if that helps. I'd be curious as to what city he is talking about. I can't find that city on a map.

https://imgur.com/a/4qg0JhE

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Was the British navy really “rum, sodomy, and the lash”?

As I understand it, that description of the British navy is misattributed to Winston Churchill. Regardless of who said it, the fact that it stuck and no one found it preposterous makes me suspect homosexuality wasn’t terribly uncommon in the British navy.

Was it commonplace? And if it was, was it akin to homosexuality in prison, where gay sex is better than no sex? Or was the navy a Mecca for gay men in a homophobic society? Or both?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

I learned recently that Afrikaners would discredit white anti-apartheid activists by labelling them unpatriotic Boerehaters, why would any Afrikaner care about the apartheid enough to support it in the first place?

Recently I read the article about Boerehaat on Wikipedia, which is basically a term used to describe British people that hate Afrikaners. the Apartheid section talks about how it was misused by Afrikaner white nationalists around the 1970s to demonize any white or black anti-apartheid activists by claiming they hate Boers.

This is awfully confusing to me because I'm pretty sure Afrikaners had nothing to do with the Apartheid. Britain seemed to used to hate them enough to declare wars on them twice. They've been living in the vicinity of modern day South Africa and had good relationships with black SAs AFAIK. Why would any Afrikaner back then know enough about the apartheid and care about the apartheid enough to strongly support it? Is there any context I am missing that indicates this?

I am not trying to express any opinions, I'm just confused. It would make more sense for a black SA pro-apartheid person to exist since they have reason to care about it, as they are directly affected.

I undertstand I may be simplifying things severely, but I have no idea where else I'd learn more about this specifically because when I google Afrikaners and Apartheid I tend to get pages on british colonists and white supremacists living in Africa, nothing about the Afrikaners.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

In the English dub of Princess Mononoke, Jigo the monk says that a bad bowl of soup "tastes like donkey piss". Would a Japanese person have been aware of donkeys in the the late Muromachi period of Japan (approximately 1336 to 1573) ?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Why are Chinese first names in Southeast Asia romanized with a space, but other parts of the world (like China itself) join them together?

Chinese names from where I am from (in Singapore (SG) and Malaysia (MY)) are often split up into their individual characters which are each separated by a space, for example "Lee Jia Hui" and "Tan Xuan Ming".

This is in contrast to the ALA-LC romanization system, of which the naming convention seems to be adopted in other parts of the world such as by China itself. The system states that given names should be joined together, such that the aforementioned examples would be written as "Lee Jiahui" and "Tan Xuanming". The advantage of this is logical such that the surname and given name are easily distinguishable, whereas keeping them as 3 separate characters would be prone to mistaking them for having a non-existent middle name.

Intuitively, this difference might stem from how the Chinese diaspora here might have migrated early on before these standards were adopted by China and other parts of the world. In which case, what kind of standards were used to derive the romanized form of SG/MY Chinese names, and was this decided by the British authorities in the past?

A cursory search on the internet does not yield any conclusive results, but it does turn up the Wade-Giles romanization system which has been superceded by the ALA-LC system. With it, words and names would be romanized with a hyphen, such as "Sun Yat-sen". Anecdotally, the use of a hyphen in place of a space still seems to be in use and is still common among Taiwanese names today. Would the SG/MY convention of using a space between each character stem from the Wade-Giles system in an adapted form?

This question only states examples from a few countries since these are the only people I've encountered and noticed this trend. Surprisingly, this has been a very effective way of distinguishing between people from and outside of the region.

As a side note, I've noticed that Vietnamese names which have their roots in Chinese words are also separated out to their individual characters with a space when spelt in the Vietnamese language, so I wonder if this is related to how SG/MY Chinese names are romanized. I've also been wondering if the western convention of first + middle + last names has anything to do with name joining/splitting.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Why did people willingly work as miners prior to the 20th century?

Reading some things about the conditions and dangers inside a medieval mine and how it didn't get much better until you got some proper machinery, I struggle to understand why would anyone do that unless forced? So... were people generally forced into this line of work, or were there other perks that made it attractive? Or was it just not that bad in comparison?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

TvTropes claims that Ancient Greeks saw Zeus as being better than in his myths, to the point that Plato thought the myths were blasphemous slander and wanted them banned. Is this true?

The quote in question: "Keep in mind also that there is a clear disconnect from how the myths portrayed him and how the Ancient Greeks saw him, with many a philosopher disdaining the myths for tainting Zeus' reputation (in fact some, like Plato considered the myths basically blasphemous for their portrayals, and he wanted the poems relating them to be banned)."

So is this true? Did the Ancient Greeks believe that Zeus wasn't actually the rapist tyrant of myth? Or did they accept that Zeus had done horrible things and venerated him regardless?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Many countries/societies still reproduce the "pink is for women, blue is for boys" convention. When and how did this originate?

Apologies in advance as English is not my first language.
As per the question: recently discussing gendered roles in a workshop with men and the question came up, and I realized I did not know how the "pink for girls, blue for boys" social convention originated. It persists, heavily, in many societies to this day. Thanks!

1 Answers 2022-07-27

During the French Revolution, after the Bastille was stormed and its governor brutally murdered, why didn't Louis XVI send the Army that was specifically called to Paris in case of mob violence?

One of the reasons why Parisians stormed the Bastille was because of the presence of soldiers flooding into Paris. After the Bastille was taken why didn't Louis XVI send the Army that was specifically here to deal with this kind of situation?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Which version of Raul Hilberg's "Destruction of European Jews" should I read?

Hey All,

There seem to be multiple versions online, some seemingly much shorter than others. The 360-page version is cheap and available, but I feel it might be foolish to read an abridged version of such a seminal work? Assuming I want a more comprehensive version, can anyone direct me as to where I might acquire the three volume version?

All help is greatly appreciated, thanks.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Are there specific time periods/areas where companies held an unusual amount of power over the people and/or nation?

I was reading something a bit ago and started thinking about how companies have held and do hold a certain political or economic power over governments which tends to trickle down to the people as well. Of course, this is normal in almost every country/government to an extent as businesses physically keep the economy going and provide wages.

One I thought of was was in the early 1900's, United States. Companies would own entire towns and basically existed as a sorta isolated economy for the workers. You'd get paid by the company, go to the company owned store and pay them for your groceries. Then you'd drive to the house/apartment owned by the company and pay them bills. From what I know, that's a more extreme example, I was wondering if there were any other specific time periods, nations, governments, or companies themselves where companies held an unusual amount of power over the government/citizens, or possibly took direct control or replaced the government itself. Thanks in advance, and apologies if this isn't within standards.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

As a scientist myself, I am constantly amused and appalled by the seeming total lack of safety in “old timey science”. How have ideas and practices regarding safety evolved over time in science?

The image of an old school scientist wearing a wool suit and smoking while mouth pipetting some deadly chemical is a bit of a meme in the scientific community. Not to mention scientists strapping ampules of radium to their arms to observe the radiation burns or chemists listing “taste” among the properties of newly discovered compounds.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Spurius Ligustinus, a Roman soldier, apparently served in the army for 32 years (200-168 BC). Wasn't it uncommon to have such a long military career in that period? Are there any other examples of long-serving soldiers in ancient times?

Given the low life expectancy and the brutality of battles in ancient times, I am quite surprised by his career.

Source: Parker, Geoffrey, and Victor Davis Hanson. “From Phalanx to Legion.” The Cambridge History of Warfare, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 31–46.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

I'm a 15th Century farmer in Western Europe, a large battle has just been fought on the fields I work. What happens now?

My crops are ruined, the fields are covered in dead bodies, all my livestock has been eaten.

Do I get compensation, told to suck it up?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

When did musical theater become “gay” in public opinion?

I hope I worded this question ok. I don’t mean any shame towards any LGBT people, I was just curious. A lot of folks these days will automatically assume a man is gay because he is into musical theater, why is that? It seemed like the male musical stars of the 20th century such as Dick Van Dyke and Gene Kelly weren’t harassed about their sexualities. I’m a straight man who loves musical theater and plays, yet I’ve had a dozen people assume I’m gay or something because of that. Why is that? Like I said, no shame to those who are gay, I just wanna know why people are so quick to assume that about men like myself.

1 Answers 2022-07-27

Short Answers to Simple Questions | July 27, 2022

Previous weeks!

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46 Answers 2022-07-27

The term "echolocation" was coined in 1944; what did people think echolocation was before we studied the phenomenon? It's observable without any special equipment: for instance, sound pulses emitted by sperm whales are so strong that a swimmer in their path can feel them pass through their bodies!

Were people aware of echolocation in whales (or other species, like bats) prior to the advent of modern technology? If so, what did they understand about the process?

1 Answers 2022-07-27

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