How has Chinese historiography of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom changed?

I've heard both of the Heavenly Kingdom being portrayed as a dangerous religious cult, and as a revolutionary proto-communist state. My impression is that which portrayal is popular has changed over time depending on the needs of the party - but then, it's not like every single thing that every single Chinese historian says is simply what they're told to say by the CCP.
When I went to the Presidential Palace in Nanjing (which also used to be the palace of Hong Xiuquan), the Heavenly Kingdm seemed to be portrayed pretty similarly to other Imperial dynasties, but that might just be because it looks interesting to tourists, with big golden statues and fancy chairs and so on. And my ability to read characters is pretty miniscule, so I couldn't understand the information on the walls.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Was the Bismarck's fame deserved?

It seems like it was a very capable ship, but was it's fame deserved or the product of propaganda?

Edit: The battleship, not the person.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How did the Chindits stay in communications?

Anybody have any idea how the Chindits, a long range, deep penetration unit, communicated with the rest of the British army?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Are ninja hand signs based on any real accounts?

In many a work of fiction nowadays we see the stereotypical ninja performing hand signs to perform a technique, signal his allies and what not.

Although I have only seen them in modern fiction (mainly popularized by anime like Naruto, but also seen in western fiction like videogames, series and cartoons) most of these hand signs are always the same, not changing at all from one work of fiction to the other, independently from studio, medium and so on.

The prevalence of these identical hand signs accross all mediums and stories has me wondering if they are based on real life accounts or techniques used by real ninjas.

Or if they are just a trope/cliché that has been copied in recent years by many sotrytellers because of the association these hand signs have with ninjas.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Homer doesn't give Odysseus' ship a name, or name any of the ships in the Iliad. When did people start naming ships?

Homer and the epic poets document the number and types of ships (I think) at length in the Catalogue of Ships, and spends the entire Odyssey with Odysseus and his crew without naming the ship, yet other Greek myths like Jason and the Argonauts name their ship (the Argos).

When did the ancient Greeks begin naming their ships? Did this have precedent in other cultures?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

What opinions did the average citizen of early HRE (c. 800-1000) have about the Empire and their own identity?

How was the life of an average citizen under the rule of Charlemagne, Otto I and other ”great” emperor figures? How was the religious life, national/tribal identity, class politics etc? I’ve seen very little discussion about this.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

You often hear about how and when christianity spread. But not why. Why did the pagan people abandon their gods? What were their reasons? I'm especially thinking of norse and germanic tribes here. How could christianity replace their religion?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How strict were rules for teachers in 1920s America?

Recently saw a post on r/damnthatsinteresting showing a 1920s teachers contract for women with some very conservative and specific set of instructions however I cannot find any verifiable sources on their authenticity. Would anyone have the knowledge to weigh in on this? Thanks.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How did Hitler justify his alliances with Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia and other Slavic people considering his characterization of them as subhumans fit for slavery and extermination?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Why were the Soviets so secretive about Hitler's remains?

Taking photographs or even publically displaying his burned remains would have both been a final humiliation for the Nazi leader and an undeniable message to the world that Hitler was dead. I just don't see the reason why the Soviet authorities were so hush hush about it. We have photographs of Goebbels's corpse which from what i understand was found along with Hitlers body.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How come the Vikings in Newfoundland didn't cause a Columbian exchange of plants, animals and diseases?

Gardening is my hobby, and I was just reading up on an edible weed called Common purslane because I want to encourage its proliferation in my garden. According to its Wikipedia article:

It has an extensive distribution, assumed to be mostly anthropogenic,3 extending from North Africa and Southern Europe through the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent to Malesia and Australasia. The species status in the Americas is uncertain. In general, it is often considered an exotic weed, but there is evidence that the species was in Crawford Lake deposits (Ontario) in 1350–1539, suggesting that it reached North America in the pre-Columbian era. Scientists suggested that the plant was already eaten by native Americans, who spread its seeds. How it reached the Americas is currently unknown.4

Considering that Common purslane was known to have been present in modern-day Canada between 1001 (Leif Erikson's 1st visit to North America) and 1497 (John Cabot's landing in modern-day Canada), is this possible proof of a plant that came over from Europe through the Norse colonization of North America?

I then decided to then read up on the cuisine of the Vikings. While the Vikings at L'Anse aux Meadows may have been averse to planting crops there (perhaps partly because, as Adam of Bremen writes, "unsown crops abound there"), the Viking diet was also known to have included pork and lots of honey products. It seems kind of odd that Pigs and Honeybees didn't get introduced to North America by the Vikings, considering that these animals are well-documented of easily establishing feral populations after accidental or deliberate introduction.

I also found it surprising that no other aspects of the Columbian exchange happened with the Vikings in North America:

  • Old World human diseases didn't arrive and decimate the native populations.
  • Plant diseases such as Chestnut blight didn't arrive and ravage North American plants either.
  • Pests such as the Black rat didn't establish themselves in North America.
  • And finally, even though the Wikipedia article on Leif Erikson says that "after having wintered over in Vinland, Leif returned to Greenland in the spring with a cargo of grapes and timber", the Vikings neglected to introduce the following crops found in the L'Anse aux Meadows area to the Old World:

It just seems very odd that the Vikings would leave behind so little in North America, not even infecting the natives with diseases or introducing invasive plants and animals.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Was the 60s USA really as rich as portrayed on Mad Men?

I've been watching Mad Men, which is set in the early 60s, and it stood out to me how often the show repeats things like "2 dollars is more than he [an Italian bellhop] makes in a week", a German Au Pair being unaccustomed to large living spaces (in Manhattan!) and characters saying things like "the average American enjoys luxuries reserved for kings in the rest of the world".

Is there any truth to this? I know post-war Europe and Japan were in a bad place, but were the differences really so stark, even into the 1960s? Looking at historical GDP per capita on Wikipedia, it sounds suspicious to me. If true, how come? If not true, where did the writers get these ideas from?

2 Answers 2019-08-22

How did we know what kind of armor/ apparel they wore back in Ancient Greece?

Pretty much what the title says. How did we know exactly what they wore? And are movies like Alexander the Great, Troy, and 300 accurate or just spiced up by Hollywood?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

In media, we usually see American slaves laboring in the fields under the hot sun. What did slaves do during the winter?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How did ancient Greek theater become so widespread

i have this assignment about Greek legacies and i chose theater. One of my questions is How did it become widespread and i cant find a source. so i figured if i went to the sub i could direct me to a source that answers my question, or maybe one of you guys cant help me by answering my question. Pls i really need help with this and i cant find any source that answer my question

1 Answers 2019-08-22

I'm a Native American in the eastern US c. 1500. What Geographic Knowledge do I have? Would I be aware of the Rockies? The Pacific? Mesoamerican Civilizations?

I couldn't fit everything in the title so

If I were a Native american c. 1500 west of the Appalachians, before De Soto, perhaps in modern day Kentucky or Missouri, what geographic knowledge would I have, either in the form of rumors or concrete knowledge from people in my community? Would I be aware of the great plains and the Rockies to the east? The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans? What about knowledge of other groups, like mesoamerican civilizations or distant peoples like the Cheyenne, Iroquois and Shoshone?

How would my knowledge differ if I were a trader?

Basically, I'm asking how expansive the world view of eastern woodland Native Americans was. I would also be (very) interested in answers about from the perspective of Mesoamerican, Andean, and nomadic Great Plains peoples, if anyone can answer to that, but I wanted to keep my question narrow.

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Recently watched 300, and I’m interested in a few affairs abouit it.

[deleted]

1 Answers 2019-08-22

How did ancient peasants and other lower classes create indoor lighting?

I saw a video on youtube today it was terrible. This is where I got that question.

Has there been a basic technology and fuel that persisted for many centuries? How has indoor lighting changed up until 500 years ago?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

What is the practical reason nations have chosen to have symbolic or ceremonial head of state and a separate head of government that actually governs?

From my understanding these roles have a tie to the systems of government that have emerged from monarchies yet I really see no practical reason for these roles to be separated. What justifications did people give for including an additional cerminomial office serve to a nation if it effectively devoid of power?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

The Siege of Tyre

I saw a post on reddit a while ago about Tyre and how Alexander the Great conquered it by building a road to the city so that he could siege it by land (Causing the city to eventually become a peninsula)

I was wondering: Why was Alexander unable to capture the city by sea? And what was it like for the people of Tyre during the siege?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

What made iron so much better than bronze?

From what I understand, whenever a society developed ironworking, bronze manufacturing was slowly fazed out and replaced with iron manufacturing. It's such an important event, that we divide the histories of most societies into bronze and iron eras.

So I know iron tools, weapons, and armor must be a lot better than bronze ones. But what made them so much better that they completely replaced bronze? Were they harder? Sharper? Easier to manufacture? Cheaper?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

Were there RPG (or other character immersion) games played prior to the Industrial Age?

From what little I know, most games (when there was leisure time for games) prior to the Industrial Age lacked a cohesive storyline and if they weren't purely motivated by gambling, they were at least definite in objective (i.e. winning the game was the objective, not furthering your ability to play the game).

However, did games with character immersion, storylines, and/or multiple campaigns exist in this era? Or from a game objective point of view, were there games that necessarily didn't have a quick end objective, but focused more on "leveling" and continuing the game?. If not, when did these games come about? Was D&D the first?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

When the USSR was first forming, they struggled to run the economy. Business was not going well/allowed. At one point, the Soviets referred to local businessmen called NEPmen to establish businesses and stabilize the economy. Why did the Soviets get rid of them?

1 Answers 2019-08-22

What can you make with Bronze that you can't with Copper, and why did this cause civilisations to flourish?

Hi all,

I did a search and found this question, but sadly it wasn't answered. I thought I'd try my luck, hoping that somebody knows!

My understanding is that there were developments of permanent settlements during the neolithic, such as the ancient ruins at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, dating back 12,000 years. However, it's not until the Early Bronze Age in 3000BCE that we start to see actual civilisations emerge.

I recognise that 'civilisation' is a bit of a poor term - after all, it's hard for us to know much about a society that didn't leave any writing, and writing didn't really emerge until the Early Bronze Age around 5,000 years ago. I do recognise that places like Beidha existed almost 10,000 years ago and were large settlements, but in terms of a large populated city I tend to feel like Uruk in the early bronze age best fits the bill at 45,000 souls (please note all this is lifted from wikipedia).

So what was it about the Copper Age that prohibited the development of major cities? Was it the lack of writing, and if so why is writing linked to the Bronze age? Or is it more that the Bronze Age occurred precisely because of the development of cities, and these cities came into being because of other reasons?

I guess what I'm asking is - why did it take so long for cities to emerge, and what were the critical factors that lead to them? I feel like one of them should be the development of Bronze but I can't really pinpoint why (possibly because I am biased by the whole 'Stone-Bronze-Iron' system, which maybe an artificial distinction).

I appreciate the question is vague, so I apologise. If you have an answer that is approximate but not quite answering what you read as the question, please feel free anyway. I'm starved for knowledge on this subject.

1 Answers 2019-08-21

What exactly was the role of Mithra and Anahita in pre-Sassanid Zoroastrianism? Did the Sassanids change their role in the religion? If so, how? Has their role in modern-day Zoroastrianism changed since the Sassanids?

1 Answers 2019-08-21

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