Preface: I know this is a quite broad question both because the medieval period is a very long period of history and Europe is a freaking continent but I'm interested in all the info I can get (including timelines)

Reason for the question: I am writing fantasy novel in which the protagonist works at a forge for some time. While I don't plan on describing the minute details of their work there I do want to properly represent what actions I do write as they talk or think there.

Question and sub questions: I'm mostly asking for the process from ores arriving at the forge (I assume the smith is the one to refine it) to when it is made into bars/ingots. I'm familiar with the steps after that of heating it until it's white hot and hammering it into shape as well as the quenching process but going from iron ore to steel ingots is baffling me. What tools and machines could they use? What was the most popular method? When were each methods introduced and taken to popularity? Were there risks with any of these? Side effects such as high temperature, dust in the air etc. Which of those would you assume is used in a generic fantasy world (Tolkien inspired fantasy)? Anything else you think I should know about the process or any references I could read?

Little note: Though I only need the general info my curiosity is unquenchable so the more info I get the happier I'll be.

Thanks ahead of time for all of you willing to help here! :)

As in: What were the implications of this accusation that so offended the accused ones? It’s the only reaction to his speech the transcript of his speech mentions at all.

I'm reading a book on the history of my town and it says "[The building] was moved to its present location about 1859."

To be fair, it was moved a block and a half down the road so it seems feasible to me. But I just don't know how they would do it. This is in Upper Canada, if that helps.

I'm writing a short story set roughly in the 1930s (though the exact year is flexible), and in one section there's a bit of emergency home surgery (something being removed from a wound). I'm wondering what kind of painkillers or other basic medication they might have available, if any?

To be more specific, they're a relatively poor, rural family. The location is Stokmarknes in Norway, although if people don't know the particular access to medicines of that region, I'm happy to presume it'll be similar to other mainland European (particularly Scandinavian) nations at that time.

It would also help to know the attitude towards painkillers. Even if they were available, how extreme did something have to be before they were used?

So we know that Augustus named a month for himself. But why the time period that we now designate August? This is like one of the worst times of year to be in Rome. Do we have any evidence from that time period that explains his rationale? Do we know if he considered a different time of year? Thanks!

When did households own photo cameras on a large scale, I can't seem to find any clear data on it. Also for example, when did people start taking photos with celebrities as seen today?

So a few questions regarding this topic:

1. how well would a uniform fit a soldier?
2. were uniforms measured individually, or did the soldier have to “fit” the uniform instead?
3. how would they have been measured?

Also, this is regarding uniforms from 1600-1918. If there is any difference based on what period, I’d love to hear the different answers for my questions above!

Are there records being kept day to day about events, weather, historic figures deaths, etc? And how will these records be retrievable in, say, 200-400 years?

Do any primary historical sources exist which record why these tribes decided to back the Confederacy, in their own words?

I was watching the movie Django Unchained and in the first scenes people stare at Django saying: “Thats a n***er on a horse!”. Meanwhile the white character (from Europe) accompanying Django was asking: “What’s everybody staring at?”

How was being black viewed in Europe. When did slavery end in Europe and how were black people viewed afterwards?

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Visited a cemetery and there were several CSA graves marked with the units they served in and there was also a grave simply marked "Confederate Partisan". What does that mean?

What were Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, etc expected to do when things were "separate but equal"? What were the rules for which bathroom they used, water fountain they drank from, or place they could sit on the bus? The term "colored" seems to only apply to black/African Americans. Was it as simple as anyone who wasn't "White" was colored?