Also, how did the players respond: did they just start playing rugby union instead, resist or just quit?

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We do not allow posts based on personal or relatives' anecdotes. Brief and short answers are allowed but MUST be properly sourced to respectable literature. All other rules also apply—no bigotry, current events, and so forth.

For this round, let’s look at: Power & Authority! Tremble and be fearful, fellow AH members! Behold the Power and Authority of this week's theme! From getting, holding, usurping, abusing, overthrowing or respecting, use this week's trivia thread to seize the power and make others respect your authority!

Here where they "fabricated" and which metod did they use for each ingredient?

I'd post some paintings but this sub doesn't allow it. Many paintings from the 15th century depict people wearing colorful leggings which are essentially a baseline for my two questions, which are:

Why did people no longer wear longer gambesons like in the earlier centuries to protect their thighs? All of the paintings depict people either wearing leg armor or just those leggings without any protection. Was it because of fashion?

The second question regards shoes. In many paintings there are two things depicted at the same time. One being people wearing those leggings and shoes (which is what one would expect) and other being people not wearing any shoes and having those leggings covering their feet as well as legs. Was it a thing that people in this century just walked around in their leggings that also covered their feet? So essentially without shoes and just with some cloth on their feet?

(Sorry if the wording is weird, english isn't my native language and I struggle with explaining things)

I heard lots of times before that the first person to propose or theorize about a round earth was the pre-Socratic philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras of Samos. How true is this? What is the source for this? I tried looking up Wiki and scroll down for sources, but it seems it's debatable whether or not this fact is true or not.

Timeline of a siege

I have been desperately looking for a breakdown of what happens to a city under a long siege. I’m trying to write a novel and need to know what happens over a long period of time to an average citizen who is forced to live under siege for months at a time. In all my research I just find what kind of weaponry they use but I want to know about the effects it has from a historical perspective on the people. Thank you in advance to anyone who can help.

I’ve been watching war movies lately that involve the types of battles where men just line up on either side and shoot or charge at each other. I cannot fathom how any human ever did this. I would probably faint or at least vomit walking up to this type of event. Any thoughts on how men handled this?

Burma has had a very rough history and I wanna know what caused it to be super unstable and not that developed?

I usually hear feudalism come up in debates between capitalists and socialists and it seems to be treated not just by them but by most people as a monolithic economic system which we began to move beyond some time in the early modern period (Maybe I'm wrong there). However, just as capitalism in the modern world varies in how it functions between nations, I would assume feudalism did in the same way. Whilst I've not looked into this quesiton much (hence this post) I've always had a sense of doubt surrounding how people talk about pre-capitalist economies.

With that nuance in mind, what actually is feudalism and how did it manifest in the world? Maybe this question requires a massive answer so I'd be happy to have some sort of 'history of feudalism' book/work suggested that gives an accurate account.

A quote I have just discovered:

"Corrupt the young. Get them away from religion. Encourage interest in sex. Make them superficial by focusing their attention on sports, sensual entertainments and other trivialities. Always preach true democracy, but seize power as fast and as ruthlessly as possible. Encourage government extravagance, destroy its credit. Produce fear with rising prices, inflation and general discontent. Encourage disorders and foster a lenient attitude towards disorders. By specious argument cause the break down of moral virtues: Honesty, sobriety, self restraint. Cause registration of fire arms to leave the population defenseless"

Is this something that was actually said, supposedly around 1912? This seems a little on the nose, and I seem to be unable to find a scholarly source confirming it. I'm not much of a history buff, though, so I'm not sure what sources are reliable and what aren't.

I assume there would have been a decent underground scene, but for an actual professional position how was it determined? Was there an interview process with the cultural bureau or some similar political body?

As far as I can find out myself, the White Horde had more relevance to Chinese/Mongolian affairs, but were relatively peaceful and kept to themselves, while the Blue Horde were the ones raiding Eastern Europe in the late 13th/early 14th century. I can’t find a source that properly explains this, or any interaction between the two separate factions.

By passive I mean not by directly managing a business enterprise. I'm curious if investment in others' businesses, debts, forex, or other capital structures were widely utilized pre-1600 or even in ancient times. Was there any intellectual understanding of risk management? Were institutions like private banks even around or accessible to private citizens? Was professional money management for hire a thing?

During The Cold War, when there was a risk of a nuclear warfare; was there ever an attempt, or even an idea to build underground fallout shelters?

I played a lot of Fallout games recently, so that got me curious.

Outside of stuff like the D-day landings, Operation Market Garden, Battle of Caen, etc. were they used in a more minor way like for individual towns, etc.?

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(Sorry if this was poorly worded and thanks for any answers)