If Germany’s invasion of Poland caused France and England to declare war on the Germans, which basically started WWII in Europe; then why did France and England not declare war on the USSR as well when they invaded Poland?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

So some late WW2 German Tank Destroyers had MG-42s fitted as a "hull machine gun." But the MG-42's barrel could only be changed from the side. How would the tank crews change the barrel of the MG-42? Would they manually remove it from its mounting and then change it?

I mean late-war German tank destroyers like the Jagdpanzer IV or Panzer 14/70...yea.

1 Answers 2018-11-22

How did the Weimar Republic fail?

What would you say were the biggest failures of the Weimar Republic's political system? Is it fair to argue that outside circumstances like the death of Ebert, and the Great Depression hinder an infant democratic state?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

To what extent did Zoroastrianism, particularly in the Parthian Empire, influence Judaism?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

The famous diarist Samuel Pepys is routinely abusive towards women, taking advantage of his maids (sometimes young girls), groping even when resisted, cheating on his wife, etc. Were 17th century men that abusive towards women and young girls, or was Pepys an especially bad example even for his age?

For those not familiar, you can read the diary here, and this article gives some examples of what I'm talking about. A relevant excerpt from it:

Pepys’s philandering also took place much closer to home. He had an eye for several of the young maids that worked in his household and engaged in a short, but intense, sexual relationship with his wife’s companion Deborah or ‘Deb’ Willet, which began around 1668. On 25 October of that year Pepys’s adultery was spectacularly uncovered when Elizabeth Pepys caught them ‘together’: ‘my wife, coming up suddenly, did find me imbracing the girl … and endeed, I was with my main in her cunny’. Elizabeth was angry and distraught, Deb was dismissed shortly afterwards and Pepys apparently ended the affair.

Although Pepys’s libido seems to have been insatiable, it was not always welcome. His opportunistic and predatory groping of women when the situation arose was resisted, fought-off and spurned by some. On 18 August 1667 Pepys wrote:

‘into St. Dunstan’s Church, where I … stood by a pretty, modest maid, whom I did labour to take by the hand and the body; but she would not, but got further and further from me, and at last I could perceive her to take pins out of her pocket to prick me if I should touch her again’.

Pepys sometimes showed remorse for his behaviour: ‘I went to her and played and talked with her and, God forgive me, did feel her; which I am much ashamed of’, yet he still recorded these intimate sexual experiences in his diary, concealing them with a comical combination of English, Spanish, French and Latin as if embarrassed to commit them to the page: ‘there did what je voudrais avec her, both devante and backward, which is also muy bon plazer’ (3 Jun 1666). Writing them down undoubtedly gave him pleasure and acted as absolution.

I've read a fair amount of the diary, and I've lost count of the number of times he engages in behaviour towards women that would be considered abusive today.

I am interested if this was normal for the age; and if it wasn't, if it had something to do with his position of power or just with his personal lack of self-control.

Would he be seen as a "pervert" in his lifetime, or was abuse that normalized that all this wouldn't be considered out of the ordinary?

Edit: I feel that I need to clarify what prompted my question. It is not the fact that abuse was prevalent during that age; it still is today, and I wouldn't expect 17th century England to be better in comparison.

What surprises me in Pepys isn't that he engages in abuse, it's the extreme frequency of it. One can almost say that there isn't an occasion where he can abuse a woman or girl that he does not do so. Sharing a carriage with a woman, sitting next to a woman in church, going to a store and being attended by a woman, being in a room alone with the maid, etc. are all occasions that often end up with him trying to grope them (or worse), even if they resist (which doesn't stop him from trying as much as he is able). It seems like he completely lacks self-control when it comes to this, and I can't figure out if this is explained by the fact that it was that normal, or if he was an exceptionally terrible example (since I've seen his impulsiveness being noted as unusual in articles about him).

1 Answers 2018-11-22

How do we know the flags of ancient countries?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

Have any firsthand written accounts from survivors of the eruption of Vesuvius from Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 A.D. been discovered?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

Did the other Allies know that the USA was dropping an atomic bomb on Japan?

Were they briefed before hand on what the US capabilities were?

What was their reaction when the US dropped the bomb?

2 Answers 2018-11-22

Did anybody ever give the Jews guns during ww2 after we took them from concentration camps?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

How did the roman empire die out?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

In the Netflix show 'The Alienist' which is set in 1896 in NYC, we see underage boys dressing up as women being used as prostitutes did this actually happen?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

Did they actually have duels in the Old West? If so, what were the rules when having one?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

my Grandfather told me that the boat he was stationed on in WWI was some rich persons yacht... so did government just take them? or pay for them? did they give them back after?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

What kind of Royal Court functions happened during the Tudor/Stuart period?

I'm currently writing a book, that centres around a Royal family, however I'm stumped at what to write about court functions, either ceremonial or governmental.

What did the Royal Court do in terms of daily life?

1 Answers 2018-11-22

How consistent were muskets prior to industrialization?

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1 Answers 2018-11-22

Why did the Soviets surrender more than the Allies?

I'm currently reading the Battle of Kursk by Anders Frankson and Niklas Zetterling, they mention that at Kursk circa 10% of all losses were due to surrender and compared this figure to the less than 1% typical of the rest of the Allies. Is this true? If so then why?

Some follow up/related questions:

  • Was the morale of the Soviet troops as low as Zetterling says?
  • Any other sources on Kursk or the Eastern Front in general?

1 Answers 2018-11-21

How did it become the norm that most men have shorter hair while women have longer hair? Have men (in general) always been more attracted to females with longer hair and females to men with shorter hair, or is it something we’ve grown to prefer because the opposite gender usually had that hairstyle?

1 Answers 2018-11-21

What weapon would British Officers use during WW2?

Starting an impression of an officer in training (RE) and wondering which denix weapon I should purchase. I've seen pictures of officers with STENs, Lee Enfield's and Thompsons. Which one would fit the best and if anyone has any pictures would be much appreciated!

1 Answers 2018-11-21

How often during battles did fallen soldiers play dead?

Are there any accounts of this? Pretending to be dead and then running away after the rest of the armies cleared, it sounds like a good deserting strategy.

1 Answers 2018-11-21

There are lots of romanticised outlaws and criminals from the wild west, such as Butch Cassidy, but are there any 'heroes' with interesting lives?

1 Answers 2018-11-21

What is the history of Historians? When and how did it become a job?

How and when did things like keeping the town record, the repeating of great deeds, or the searching of documents that lead to the study of history as we know it, become a way to employ oneself. I imagine originally it was simple record keeping or even astrological/astronomical study, even the remembrance of a family line(s).

The job, even today, of “historian” in my mind is very vague.. the day job of historical research is vague. I doubt many historians here job title is “blank historian”.

When did the passing interest of our history, become essential knowledge and who were the people, or person, that told the first historical tale?

1 Answers 2018-11-21

Is my dream just a pipedream?

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2 Answers 2018-11-21

Did Nazi Germany asked for their allies to deport their jews?

I know that antisemitic laws in Italy were established because of the german pressure, and after Germany invaded Italy, italian jews were subjected to the Final Solution. I also know that jewish refugees were allowed to enter Japan, and were later transfered to China and the Hongkew Ghetto. But did Germany specifically asked their allies to deport or kill their jews?

1 Answers 2018-11-21

Can anyone help me know more about this old Austrian passport?

Hi guys, a friend of mine had sent me these photos from an old passport his father in law found doing a house clearance.

Here's a gallery of them

His father in law asked neighbours of the guy who used to live there (the owner of the passport) and apparently he became a soldier fighting for Britain during World War 2.

What I think we know about the passport is that he was Jewish due to the large red J stamped into the passport, but other than that I'm not really sure.

If anyone has any information about this passport and it's history that would be really great!

Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-11-21

100 Million Native Americans

So, this has been bugging me ever since I first heard the claim. Many people, and I'm guessing some academics, have claimed that the pre-colonial population of North America was somewhere around 100 million (give or take) people and that after the introduction of European rats carrying a multitude of diseases a disease apocalypse occurred that killed off around 90% of the Native Population. Now, I'm no idiot, I'm not going to underestimate the ability of a plague to wipe out massive numbers of people, sometimes reaching into the 90th percentile. But, I also know that particularly high casualty rates from infectious diseases most often occur in densely populated areas. My question is, if we are to assume that 100 million Native Americans lived on the continent and were ravaged by plague, where is the physical evidence? Where are the permanent cities and towns, where are the supercenters of trade and cultural exchange? Where are the mass burial grounds? The bone fields? Is there something I'm missing? Was the entire population centered in the central and south American empires where urbanization existed? How could they have higher populations that pre-little ice age Europe?

Feel free to call me an idiot if I'm missing something obvious, but this claim, in my eyes, is lacking basic details and proof and I want to know your opinions.

5 Answers 2018-11-21

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