Early Christian history is full of infighting over seemingly minor theological differences (such as whether Christ had two natures in one or one nature in two). Would ordinary laypeople actually have known or cared about these issues enough to cause the division it did?

Certainly your average modern Christian would not be able to distinguish a Chalcedonian from a Nestorian or Miaphysite, but would an average 4th-century Christian have?

1 Answers 2018-07-14

Were duels really a big thing in wild west America like movies would have us believe?

2 Answers 2018-07-14

Portugal and France were fierce enemies in South America, and several time did Portuguese and French armed forces clash in modern Brazil. Why weren't colonial wars waged in mainland Europe? Why did France never invade Portugal/Lisbon after the Battle of Rio de Janeiro?

It'd seem to me that most wars Portugal was involved in (and ultimately won) against other European powers would have resulted in utter defeat for the Portuguese Crown if a European war theater existed - Portugal would simply have no manpower to face the likes of France.

Why where these wars limited to the colonies? Why didn't France - or Spain - wage wars in Europe to further their colonial goals?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

I would like the Abrahamic religion texts from a more literary/historical lens; can anyone recommend a good app or translation of these texts that will highlight the historical significance of the texts over the spiritual implications?

The major problem is that I’m pretty ignorant when it comes to the geography of the Middle East when the Hebrew texts were recorded and throughout a lot of history. I want to read the old and New Testament, apocrypha, and the Quaran.

I’m currently using the app olive tree, but it’s obviously marketed toward believers and it’s features are more devotional than historical/geographical. Any help/ suggestions would be great and I’d really like to stick to reading strictly the primary documents for right now (please don’t make me explain what I mean here, I understand the statement is problematic in and of itself). Thank you for any help on resources for a bored nerd!

1 Answers 2018-07-13

When did it become not okay to be gay?

Since gays were so widespread in acient Rome and Greece

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How big was the Venetian navy in the early 15th century?

From the wikipedia article on the Republic of Venice.

By 1410, Venice had a navy of 3,300 ships (manned by 36,000 men)

Those numbers don't seem to make sense to me. Surely even a merchant vessel would have more than a dozen crew and it was my understanding that Venetian galleys had at least 70 men including all the rowers and sometimes several hundred crew for the big ones. Were a lot of them very small ships (and if so, what kind of ships were they), were some ships not crewed (why build more ships than you have men to crew) or are those figures simply wrong?

2 Answers 2018-07-13

I'm always wondered how did people from 100s of 1,000s of years ago dealt with forest fires

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Preserving artifacts and limited museum access? (Versailles, etc) Career/process questions

I was at Versailles today and ended with a few questions. How much of the rooms (walls, floors, carpet, etc) and furniture is typically original in older palaces and museums? Is a lot of it recreated and how accurately can it be remade? There are also a lot of signs limiting access, is it due to those spaces being dangerous, being worked on, etc? Is there an "easy" way of telling what spaces in older buildings are authentic? I am working on possibly getting an archaeology degree and was also wondering is there is a profession or academic program that allows you to be allowed into "behind the scenes" and off limit rooms (like at Versailles the royal chapel)? My questions can be taken specifically or broadly. As a learning historian and archaeologist, places like these are so interesting and immerse you in the past.

2 Answers 2018-07-13

Why did Time magazine award the man of the year-title to Adolf Hitler in 1938?

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1 Answers 2018-07-13

I'm a WW2 U.S. infantryman and I want to swap my bulky M1 Garand for a more ergonomic M1 carbine due to my size as I'm a small fella. Is this possible, easy or even allowed? Maybe I feel like I would be a good squad gunner, could I request a change to a B.A.R gunner spot?

Equally interested to hear how this would play out on the German side as regards who gets delegated the MG duty as it's a heavier load despite the assistant gunner/loader

2 Answers 2018-07-13

Where would I be able to submit early to mid-1900s documents from Puerto Rico for archiving?

Hello! My mom recently came back from a visit to PR to see her family, and she brought back a canister of documents her and her siblings found in the garage of one of their homes. It consists of old logs, deeds, and even proof that my great-great-grandfather was the mayor of a small town on the island in the late 1800s!

I've done a bit of research and haven't found any established museum or historical society in Puerto Rico that would want these papers.

Now, there is nothing very historically significant (no picture of Winston Churchill on the toilet or something like that), but I wonder if anyone could point me in a direction that might have an organization that would want to archive these kinds of miscellaneous documents.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Khat is a stimulant plant widely used for millenia in Yemen, Ethiopia, and Somalia--much like coffee. Also like Coffee, it can be grown in tropical environments worldwide. Why did Coffee become a global trade good, while Khat remained confined to Eastern Africa and Southern Arabia?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

For art historians: Did Wassily Kandinsky ever produce any music?

Title pretty much sums it up, would love to know.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

What was the role of slaves in early medieval Ireland?

References to slavery and the enslaved come up often enough in legal tracts and the literary body, but it's never been clear exactly what their place was. Looking at the numbers of slave each king is owed according to this tract: https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T102900/index.html under "The Rights of the King of Tara" the numbers aren't all that large. And based on what I know about the social fabric and economy of early medieval Ireland already it seems like holding someone into total bondage was a display of great wealth; otherwise, why wouldn't you ransom them for livestock or something, which are literally valued hire than slaves for bartering purposes IIRC, and owning more of which gives you the chance of entering into higher social classes. Slavery-as-status-symbol tracks with that, but I've never come across any detailed research on the subject. Not that I've looked that hard, wouldn't be here otherwise.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

When did the modern structure of the work week (5 working days followed by 2 days off) become commonplace?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

We often hear about and identify many of the advances in science, technology, and mathematics as being discovered or developed by primarily European and Middle Eastern Scholars. Was there a different cultural emphasis that prevented other civilizations from compounding knowledge the same way?

Many other civilizations developed unique ways of doing things as well as discovered many advanced concepts such as astrology with the Mayans, irrigation in Mesopotamia, gunpowder in Asia, etc. But much of the advancements of modern academic understanding through history can be traced particularly to a Eurocentric view and origin. While such advancement and the course of Western history likely has skewed my viewpoint, what, if anything, prevented other large civilizations such as China or India or even Native American civilizations from developing knowledge to such extents?

If this makes any sense?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

If you transported an educated 21st century Catholic to visit Augustine of Hippo in 425 AD, would he recognize them as a relatively normal Christian?

Assuming that we've got some sort of magic universal translator so that language isn't an issue, of course.

Clarifying "educated": Educated in Catholic theology at a layperson level. Not a theologian, scholar, or clergyman.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How did Napoleon recruit soldiers during his hundred days?

After his return from Elba how did Napoleon expand the army? Did he issue edicts or whatever?

From Wikipedia: "Upon re-assumption of the throne, Napoleon found that Louis XVIII had left him with few resources. There were 56,000 soldiers, of which 46,000 were ready to campaign.[17] By the end of May the total armed forces available to Napoleon had reached 198,000"

How did Napoleon expand the army to 4 times its size in such a short time?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

To what extent did the British government plan for WW2 in the decades prior?

Foch is credited with the quote: "This is not a peace. It is an armistice for twenty years". With the benefit hindsight this is prescient and seems somewhat obvious to us here in the 21st century.

Did the UK government take this threat seriously at the time? Did they expect a second European war to happen soon? And what steps did they take with regards to military advancement? For example, did they funnel money into tank development? Was there a build up of naval forces in the 20s and 30s? Did they anticipate using the tube stations as bomb shelters or was that just an ad hoc response?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

In Sumerian language there are traces of an older languages from which Sumerians took words related to agriculture and civilised society. What do we know about this older people?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Is there any historical documentation of the Viking Blood Eagle execution?

If so, do we know if this style of execution actually worked as intended?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

I'm a Spanish subject in the 16th Century and I want to leave Castile and go to the Americas. How do I get there?

I want to know how did people get to the Spanish colonies in the Americas during the Empire. There was like a regular sea line? They had to buy "tickets"? Did they need something like a passport? It was only for those in the army? Also, how did regular people know the colonies existed in the first place, as they had no radio, television or internet?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Why did Tokugawa Ieyasu asked the Edo clan to change its name to Kitami?

He was building Tokyo in a fortress known as Edo castle, and asked Edo clan to change their name to Kitami, but, if he wanted his new capital to not be associated with another clan, wouldn't it have been easier to change the name of the place?, call it Tokugawa Castle or something?

And if it wasn't because he didn't want his new city to have the name of another clan, then why did he change the name?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How did portugese become the main language of Brazil?

What is the history behind the languages spoken in Brazil; what did they speak before they spoke Portuguese and why do they not speak "Brazilian"?

Edit: *Portuguese.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

In the film "Kelly's Hero's" (1970) Donald Sutherland's character "Oddball" is a WW2 tank commander who states "when we go into battle we play music very loud". Would this have even been possible at the time?

First, I'm aware that this film has a fair few historical innacuracies, none the less...

The film depicts large megaphones attached to the exterior of their Sherman tanks. Would they have had a method to actually play music on board a tank at the time? I'm guessing lacquer phonograph records would skip like crazy on board a tank underway, to say nothing of firing the main gun. I don't think magnetic tape recorders/reproducers were even available yet. But possibly they could have gotten their hands on some military hardware I don't know about?

See a relevant scene here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lELZMc7mvgw

1 Answers 2018-07-13

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