Friday Free-for-All | July 13, 2018

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

8 Answers 2018-07-13

Why does Mexico have so many Nahuatl-based toponyms even in areas where Nahuatl was far from being the main indigenous language spoken?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Did the tradition of hanging pig legs in Spain originate during the Spanish Inquisition by Jews and Muslims to make it seem like they'd converted to Catholicism?

This is the source I saw for the claim. Is there any evidence that this is a practice started by Conversos and Moriscos in Spain? It seems likely to me it was done as advertising, but I don't want to dismiss it out of hand.

Edited to fix the link.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Why is the design of the Ace of Spades in a deck of cards so fancy compared to the other aces?

For example: https://i.imgur.com/3Bcl2Gr.png

1 Answers 2018-07-13

General history of modern Slovakia?

Hi,

All the books I can find about “modern Slovakia” are in fact about the war eras. Does anyone know of some books or resources which would give me a good general grounding of knowledge about modern Slovakia and how it came to be the way it is?

Found nothing on the book list.

Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-07-13

The legitimacy of these claims

In this interview from 2003 Noam Chomsky claims that every president since WWII has committed crimes that should have got them indited.

  1. Eisenhower overthrew the conservative nationalist government of Iran with a military coup. He also overthrew the first democratic government in Guatemala. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc

  2. Kennedy invaded South Vietnam, using chemical weapons to destroy food crops and authorized napalm. He also lead massive campaigns of international terror against Cuba. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=1m39s

  3. Johnson expanded the war in Indo China leaving millions dead. He also invaded the Dominican Republic to block a potential democratic revolution. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=3m2s

He doesn’t even bother going over Nixon for obvious reasons.

  1. Ford endorsed the Indonesian invasion of East Timor which basically became genocide. He goes into some details about how Ford publicly denounced the actions of Indonesia, but secretly supported it. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=3m36s

  2. Carter increased the flow of weapons to Indonesia, he arranged through Mondale, the vice president of Israel, to get Israel to send us Skyhawks to Indonesia. He also claims the Camp David agreement, which Carter had won the Nobel peace prize for, was a complete catastrophe. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=5m12s

  3. Reagan was the first president to have been condemned by the International Court of Justice for what they called the unlawful use of force meaning (international terrorism) in the war against Nicaragua. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=7m20s

  4. Bush Sr. The invasion of Panama killed ~3000 people but has never been investigated so it could be more. The invasion was to kidnap Noriega, who up till then had been on the U.S. payroll. His administration also refused to come to peace agreements in Iraq, even though there were plenty of opportunities. His methods of attaching would be considered criminal under the laws of war, like attacking infrastructure. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=7m45s

  5. Clinton sent cruise missiles to Sudan to destroy what they knew to be a pharmaceutical plant. He also claimed that Clinton decided past UN resolutions obsolete and anachronistic, so he basically got rid of the international law. After that, the U.S. continued to fund extreme Israeli actions. https://youtu.be/5BXtgq0Nhsc?t=9m46s

Of course, these are just small summaries of what he said about each president, and he does go into greater details in the interview.

Thanks in advance!

2 Answers 2018-07-13

How did medieval knights dress when not in battle? Did they just wear normal (presumably expensive) medieval clothes, or did they have some sort of uniform or other "badge of office" garment worn to advertize their status as knights?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Western literature from the last century is filled with dystopian societies featuring socialist/communist extremes. Did popular Soviet novels take on the same themes with capitalism and democracy?

3 Answers 2018-07-13

Why were the men who assassinated Malcolm X called Norman 3X Butler and Thomas 15X Johnson- what do the Xs and numbers mean?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

What was the role of the Kaiser in the German Empire?

And how was political power balanced in the empire in general?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

As World War 2 progressed and things got progressive worse for the axis powers, was there any noticeable shifts in their propaganda networks who now had to sell what was an increasingly obvious losing battle as progress towards victory?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Can anyone recommend a good book or two on the African and Mediterranean campaigns during World War 2?

I've been fascinated with the events for a while now, as I've been on a bit of a WWII kick. While I've been able to find decent books on other aspects of the war, I'm having a hard time separating the wheat from the chaff in terms of decent literature. If anyone could point me in the right direction, I would really appreciate it.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Oh dear. I have a terrible question about upper-class European births.

My primary area of interest is England, but anywhere in Europe will do. When a woman died in childbirth, was it customary back then [Primarily Tudor era and later, but plus really anything pre-1900 will do] to perform a Caesarean Section, when the mother was near death or dead? If so, what was the tipping point for when that was acceptable? Any examples? I assume the Church probably had an opinion, but I don’t know it. And the real root of what I guess I’m getting at..... once the mother was 100% dead, would they cut in for the child? How about if they thought the baby was dead too? This is inspired by my interest in how badly boys were wanted- would they cut into dead flesh even to just find out the gender? Thank you if you can answer!

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Books about Stalin

I'm wanting to get a book for my brother about the life of Stalin. From his rise to power to the start of the cold war and was wondering if anybody had any suggestions.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Would ancient Athenians have found it strange that Pericles began his funeral oration by calling into the question the value of the customary funeral oration?

Although Pericles says that Athen's wise forefathers created the custom of the funeral speech so it must be good, he also criticizes it because poor speakers might not do the war dead justice, and even stranger, that listeners might disbelieve tales of their heroism because the listeners are not as successful/noble as the dead, and so might suspect the dead are just as lacking as themselves, and so so were incapable of doing better.

It seems a strange way to begin a speech, and kind of a meandering way to get to the heart of the matter.

Would Athenians have found this strange? After all, the listeners, the non dead, seem to be the ones called into question here.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How did people from different cultures communicate to each other? For example, how could the European explorers meeting the native peoples of North America come to learn each other's completely different languages?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

An old timer once told me that Vikings sailed up the Mississippi before Columbus reached the Americas. Is there any truth to that?

He was the type of guy who had lots of stories and interesting facts about all sorts of various topics.

One time he told a story about Vikings sailing up the Mississippi. I thought that was interesting but couldn't find anything when I googled it. I know that others had sailed to the Americas before Columbus but I couldn't find anything about going up the Mississippi.

Is there history that supports this or was it just a cool story?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How did the entire world end up using the same units of time?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How have things like time, calendars, and numbers become universal constants? Also, why is it not the same with things like languages?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Why is Waterloo often credited as a British victory even though a majority of the forces who fought at the battle were Prussian?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

How difficult is it to confirm a family member fought for Germany in WWII?

Short of having actual memorabilia passed down, is there any way to know for sure? Were their records kept and potentially digitized at some point? Or does one have to rely on family legend and intuition alone?

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Are there factual rebuttals to Viktor Suvorov's Icebreaker?

Hi there,

I just finished reading Icebreaker by Viktor Suvorov and upon searching online for discussion I was very surprised to find that western historians consider the book entirely discredited and a "revisionist fabrication". What's even more surprising is that these discussions almost always devolve into ad hominem attacks on the author not being a proper historian and cherry-picking his facts.

After reading the book I find his arguments extremely compelling; here's a short list of the circumstantial evidence off the top of my head which I can't explain in any other way than supporting the Icebreaker thesis:

  • Suvorov talks about the intense production of BT tanks (a single factory in Kharkiv producing more of these tanks in six months than Germany used in its assault) which could only be used on good roads and were unusable on the vast majority of Soviet territory (i.e. can't be used for defense);
  • He states that in 1939 the USSR had a million trained paratroopers, 200 times more than all other countries combined, and of course paratroopers are useless in repelling invasion;
  • He discusses how armies stationed near the very border in 1941 weren't building proper housing, but instead lived in tents, which definitely implies that they weren't intending to spend the winter there, since they would have frozen to death;
  • He also discusses how the command posts of the border armies were located at the very border, literally within shooting range of the German border patrol, a very bad location for a defensive war but a necessary location for an offensive one;
  • He points to June 13 1941 as the beginning of a massive movement of divisions located in the interior of the country towards the borders of Germany and Romania, then he quotes the memoirs of several prominent generals, all of who state that they were in trains travelling to the border when the war began.

I'm just very confused right now because I read 300-odd pages of completely reasonable and logical assertions based on a hundred sources and whenever I googled claims (like how many tanks did that factory produce or whether the Stalin line really was taken down before the Molotov line was built) and everything I searched for checked out. Then I go onto discussion boards and all I read is how this book has been thoroughly debunked and zero factual sentences discrediting what I just read. This is honestly a surreal feeling; I've always laughed at conspiracy theories about the flat Earth and 9/11, and yet here I am fully agreeing with a book the internet & historians claim is a conspiracy novel.

3 Answers 2018-07-13

How can I identify who the people buried at the grave site I found on my families texas red river ranch are?

This question has a couple parts (1)So basically my family owns a ranch on the red river and we found 3 (expensive looking for the time) grave stones dated from the 1880s-1890s buried on a nice hill overlooking where the river bank use to be. They were all under 35 2 females one child. How can I find out who these people are and how they died I'd like to know the truth my family has ideas?(discussed later) (2) We contacted the local tax office but they said all their records from that time period were lost in a fire. My grandpa has created some crazy ideas about how they died, he tells people it was probably Indian raiders coming across the red river and raiding one of the men who lived on the river and who was a buffalo hunter that went out hunting, leaving his family behind and while he was out the local tribes probably robbed and killed the women and children, while he was away, twice.(did this actually happen on the red river between 1880-1890? It sounds unlikely it would happen to the same guy twice) (3)We would also like ideas on how to properly preserve the area, the letters are fading from the tombstones and we want to do something to preserve the area in case they have any surviving family who would want to see it... so anything helps

Ty again yall I know it's a lot but we really do just wanna learn about and preserve these people's memories

Edit*pretty sure I used the wrong from of family's in the title please dont not answer because of it

2 Answers 2018-07-13

The Story of Civilization by Will Durant

A while ago I bought a number of books in this series because of my love of history and because they were at a cheap antique story. However, due to their age and seemingly quite western viewpoint, I wanted to see if they still hold up and what the general opinion is on their veracity.

1 Answers 2018-07-13

Fulgencio Batista was a Communist and the US supported him until Castro’s coup. How were the two leaders’ policies different and did the US ever acknowledge this when they later denounced Castro’s regime for being communist?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2018-07-13

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