What was the protocol for women needing to "use a restroom" in Versailles in the middle of the day?

If I were a dignified aristocratic woman of some fashionability living at the court in Versailles and I needed to "use the restroom" what would this entail? I've got not only layers and layers of clothing on, but have to walk sideways between some doors, was there a signal to let my maids know that now was the time and it cannot wait? How quickly would I be able to go and where would I go?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Slave culture in the caribbean - can anyone recommend some reliable sources?

I'm a writer by profession, and am currently working on a project that's partly set in Jamaica in the 1790s. I'm having no problem finding sources about life on the sugar plantations from the perspective of the slave owners; those guys liked to write. However I'm struggling to find any comprehensive, reliable texts about life on a sugar plantation from the perspective of the slaves.

Would anyone be kind enough to hit me up with some recommendations? I'm particularly interested in the music, religion and customs that slaves had when they were away from the planation owners. Obviously slaves in a plantation would have mostly come from different African tribes so the culture they developed in Jamaica is proving a slippery thing to get my head around. All help would be very, very welcome. Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Before the rise of Catholicism in Northern Europe, how frowned upon was homosexuality and sodomy?

I'm counting northern Europe as the Scandinavian countries, The British Isles, Iceland, The Baltic's, Outer Russia and what is now Normandy.

And I'm counting "Before the rise of Catholicism" as before the reign of Diocletian (284-286), who I'm counting as the Roman emperor when Christianity came to Britannia.

1 Answers 2018-07-03

How were the symbols "1, 2, 3, ect" accepted as substitutes for numbers across many cultures as opposed to each region using their own, different symbols?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

From what I understand, what is now part of Ethiopia had an ancient Hebrew-speaking population (the Kingdom of Semien) and now contains some of the oldest populations of both Christians and Muslims. Why was this region seemingly so hospitable for followers of Abrahamic religions?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Tuesday Trivia: Celebrities

Today, tell us about celebrities from your era--people famous in their own time for things besides politics and war. You can think local celebrities as well as national or international ones! What were they famous for, how do we know they were famous, who were their fans, did they have detractors?

Heck, what did it even mean to be "famous"?

Basically, let's make AH a gossip magazine for a day.

4 Answers 2018-07-03

What would happen if a Roman consul died mid term?

This seems like a really dumb question, but I can’t find an answer for it. Would the other consul take over? Would they have a re-election? What would happen?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Why is the Hanbali school of sunni Islam jurisprudence only dominant in the Arabian Peninsula?

Looking at the Wikipedia map of which schools dominate geographically (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madhhab_Map3.png). The others seems to have a wider range such as the Maliki (in a large chunk of North Africa), the Shafi (in East African, Malaysia and Indonesia) and the Hanafi (in Central Asia, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, Pakistan). Yet the Hanbali schools seems to be dominant in Saudi Arabia and Qatar and the UAE. Why did it have such a limited geographic range compared to the other four Sunni Schools?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

In Act 1, scene 2 of Macbeth, one of Shakespeare's characters discusses a payment in dollars. What kinds of dollars would these be?

Here's the specific quote, discussing how the Scottish armies would not let the defeated King of Norway bury his men until he paid $10,000. What are these dollars?

DUNCAN

Great happiness!

ROSS

That now / Sweno, the Norways' king, craves composition. / Nor would we deign him burial of his men / Till he disbursed at Saint Colme’s Inch / Ten thousand dollars to our general use.

2 Answers 2018-07-03

World’s Fair

Why don’t we have the World’s Fair anymore? When did it start and when was the last one?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

The Globe theatre burned down when a cannon was fired during a performance of Henry VIII, did Elizabethan actors often use effects of this kind?

2 Answers 2018-07-03

Do we know why Dr. Franz Six was attracted to work for Porsche?

Surely working as a publicity/advertising executive wasn't really his style? Why not work for Hugo Boss, or one of the other Nazi surviving businesses.

1 Answers 2018-07-03

In Eco's The Name of the Rose, the abbey librarian holds a tight rein over which books the monks were allowed to read. Is this in any way an accurate portrayal of monastic scholarship?

Were monks generally allowed to study any books they chose? Was there some system of control or prioritization for which books should be copied first? Were monks censured if they did not appear to be glorifying God enough through their work?

In the book, the librarian's tight control is partly motivated by how extensive the fictional library is, containing lots of books that would surely not be approved of by the Church. Is this based on or remotely accurate to any specific historical abbey libraries?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Best of June Voting Thread

Upvote what you liked, submit what you liked and don't see here!

As always, if you want to have impact in what appears here, make sure to submit to the Sunday Digest every weekend!

14 Answers 2018-07-03

Adopted in 1889, the Swiss flag is one of two square-shaped sovereign flags in the world. Why is the Swiss flag square? Have the Vatican - the other state with a square-shaped flag - something to do with it?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Why are the jihads mainly overlooked compared to the crusades?

[deleted]

2 Answers 2018-07-03

The last 20 years of the 13th century was a period of extended large scale war for control of the Mediterranean. Do these conflicts fit together as part of a larger narrative, or are each of these conflicts best understood by themselves?

In this period, the Genoese crushed the Pisans, the Venetians lost to the Genoese and the Byzantines, the Aragonese destroyed every fleet the French and Agevian Sicily sent against them. At the same time the Sicilians were fighting each other, and the Aragonese were replacing the Bey of Tunis. The Pope calls a crusade against Aragon, which ends up killing the king of France and destroying his army.

AND the whole dispute over Sicily in the first place is an extension of the Ghelf Ghibelline conflict between the Papacy and the house of Staufen.

I know all these threads have to fit together somehow, but I have no idea how these pieces fit. Help?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Was the acquisition of Alaska from Russia considered a natural move for the US in 1867? Why were the Russians looking to sell? Did they consider offering it to Canada first? If not, why not?

2 Answers 2018-07-03

Culinary History: Why was aspic so popular

Recently I have seen almost meme-like references to aspic being popular with old people or back in the days (I believe somewhere in the middle of the 20th century). My question is: Was this just a fad, or how did aspic become popular in these days? Were aspic dishes somehow prestigious (requiring maybe a refridgerator), or just convenient for the housewife to prepare a day in advance before the dinner party?

2 Answers 2018-07-03

How much farm land was required to sustain the population of medieval Europe? More question details below

Hello, I am currently working on creating a fantasy map for a D&D campaign I am running. Using lots of other fantasy maps for reference, I have noticed that most maps are predominantly covered in a generic light green color that is supposed to represent either farm land or land that is reasonably farmable. While this looks aesthetically pleasing, I was wondering how accurate it was. When I went to develop my own map, my gut instinct was to have the temperate forest region I was working on be pretty heavily forested with the exception of farm land that was coalesced around towns and cities.

If you zoom in to any light green area on Google Earth, you can see that almost every single possible inch of this planet is being milked for everything it is worth. There are farms quite literally covering every spare region of non-mountainous, non-oceanic, non-heavily forested, non-glacial terrain. For a population of 7 billion, this makes sense. But for a setting based off medieval Europe, does it make sense to have vast stretches of farmland between towns? Hundreds of miles worth?

Here is an album I put together: https://imgur.com/a/BvZhMf8 The first picture is a partial map of Faerun, a common D&D setting. The next few pictures are the Google Earth thing I was talking about. The last two pictures are example maps I whipped up in 5 minutes to highlight the difference between what is the standard, and the way I imagine medieval Europe, respectively.

So, if anyone out there has any knowledge or insight into this, I would love to know how much farm land is an appropriate amount for sustaining a population roughly the size of medieval Europe.

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Ancient Egypt was dependent on the Nile to food production, while the desert were a strong limitant to the usable land. Also, it was often depicted as a civilization with a big population and a food exporter. How many food Ancient Egypt could produce and how many people sustain with those limitants?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

As the first black republic in history, how did Europeans and Americans view Haiti in the 19th century? Did they see it simply as an aberration or disaster or did they recognise its uniqueness?

1 Answers 2018-07-03

How would deployments work during World War Two?

I'm going to be a little bit more specific if needed. We send soldiers over seas to places like Iraq, Afghanistan for 9 or so months. How would deployments be organized?

How would this work for nations like Nazi Germany, Italy, the USSR etc.

1 Answers 2018-07-03

Why did the roman emperors keep around and/or trust in the Praetorian Guard when they so often disposed of their emperors?

What the title says. Assuming they actually did trust in the guard, I'm asking from a point of relative ignorance. I feel like this has been asked before, perhaps in some form in the recent past, sorry if that's the case.

1 Answers 2018-07-03

How did Europe/Great Britain react to the American Civil War?

1 Answers 2018-07-02

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