Did Luther support the Reformation in England? Did he think Henry was sincere? Did he think the new Anglican church was too similar to Catholocism and just an excuse to give the king a divorce?

I'm writing an essay for my ap world class, the original prompt was "Develop an argument that evaluates how the process of decline and reconstitution of empires led to changes in urban development in Afro-Eurasia in the period circa 400–1450 C.E." i decided to try and work with the Abbasid's and Mongol's, and my main point is that through trade, they were able to facilitate changes in the development of citys, maybe help me come up with some examples? help would be much appreciated.

Don’t know if this would be considered the proper place to ask, but any help on finding a ‘name’ or type of armour would be appreciated.

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When I read about Bronze Age empires there's a period where we see new concepts appearing - law, societal structure, persistent trade routes, organized religion and so on.

However it looks like by the time we're getting to Babylonian Empire it's all... the same. Right up the Bronze Age Collapse. Cities change hands, empires rise - but it's hard to see anything really changing apart from who rules the land.

So is this just difficulties with narrative or was this period static and stagnant?

Looking for the perspective of a feudal peasant during invasions and occupations.

Any information would be fantastic, but I am primarily interested in putting together a compare and contrast between an occupation force and a looting-razing force.

Most of my limited experience describes peasants as sedimentary people. Staying in one relative area and seldom, if ever, venturing beyond a days walk from their home. To build on this, I also understand that the rarely responded postitively to traveling folk, regarding them with suspicion.

So what happened with this in wars?

Where they still sedimentary?

Where there ever refugees?

What caused these people to leave their homes?

Would they have taken head of rumors?

What happened after the battles?

I am in middle school, and am interested in becoming a historian because of my extensive study in history and geography. One problem though-no soul I have interviewed could tell me what the job was like. I was hoping I could get a wider range of audience on this subreddit. Thanks in advance!

The Holy Roman Empire is of particular interest to me, and following that, the fact that Bohemia was the only state refered to as a Kingdom has puzzled me. I am aware that when Brandenburg-Prussia reformed into Prussia their Kings had to use the title, King in Prussia, so why Bohemia and no one else?

Actually, "xapaneca" does sound familiar, but I'm not sure from what and Google isn't helping.

I thought that Einstein was a serious pacifist, so is it possible that he felt obligated to warn the US of the possibility of German nukes, but simply didn't want to help build it?

What caused the majority of Bosnia and Albania's populations to convert to Islam while many other nations that were under Ottoman rule for centuries such as Bulgaria remained devout Christians?

In 1492, Columbus [re]discovered America for Spain after being rejected by Portugal. However, less than a decade later in 1499, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci was hired by Portugal to explore the New World. Later in 1508, Vespucci became Chief Navigator for Spain. America ultimately gained its name from Vespucci, not Columbus.

Now, I know Columbus' character and methods of colonization and interaction with natives were controversial even in his own time; he also seemed at times an anti-diplomatic character that couldn't get along with Spanish officials.

But it seems a bit strange that after someone who struggled to get any funding for exploration, then made solid gains, would be contemporarily eclipsed by a different, yet-unknown character (Vespucci), who (it seems) rapidly became a new favorite, and despite not being as renowned as an explorer by modern standards (compared to Columbus or Magellan), seemed to have a much easier time of getting known in royal courts, getting expeditions funded, and obtaining lucrative, high-paying posts. Being born in the family of a notary, Vespucci also wasn't particularly high-birth or wealthy, so we can't use that to explain him having seemingly a smoother career than his contemporaries.

So what was it so special about Vespucci, compared to Columbus or Magellan, that seemingly made him a contemporary favorite?

I started reading it years ago, but lost that copy. What I remember about it:

• Title: Rome
• Author: Possibly Russian , or certainly Eastern European
• About: The history of ROME (antiquity)
• My version was in English
• I don't remember the year of publication, but I think it is from the 20th century
• I vaguely remember the cover as mostly white, with some charcoal black lines or patterns on one side of it.

I have tried various searches on various search platforms and online bookstores/libraries, but the title is too short to narrow down the amount of results I get.

Since it was recommended to me at the time by a scholar, I am hoping it is famous enough that someone here can recognize it.

in Sub-Saharan Africa many countries speak the language of their colonizer; French, Portuguese etc, yet the Congo is a Francophone nation, seeing as they were colonized by Belgium, why don't the people speak both French and Dutch?