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What made italian city-states decide to band together to make one nation?

Who were the key people and how did it begin?

Also, how did some city-states cope with the idea of working together with their once bitter enemies?

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I'm wondering how the colossal amount of information that comes down the pipeline will affect the future of historical study. In the past (esp preindustrial era), only certain pieces of information made it to the present day to be studied. With 3 billion people that are connected to the internet, all making their mark with varying degrees of credibility and quality, will future historians even be capable of sifting through the firehose flow of information? Or will it be easier to find the gems? How do you know what is real and what isn't? Furthermore, what about the real possibility of the physicality of the information failing (e.g. through a server crash or routine data wipes or some freak solar flare incident)?

Are there any statistics or anything likewise that would tell us which was the primary cause of injury and death during early modern battles? Whether it was the musket or the bayonet that caused more casualties?

Until very recently, sleep has been a big stumbling block in Psychology. There didn't seem to be a compelling reason to sleep besides "We get sleepy". (That still holds mostly true, though it seems that sleep also helps with homeostasis in glia cells)

Did medieval doctors have any theories on the purpose of sleep? Were there any thoughts on how/how much one should sleep? Or simply why one should sleep?

Have they enacted any policies that could be associated with socialism today like price controls, non-military public works, encouragement of unionization, labor laws with stuff like maternal leave, public healthcare, public education etc. Generally, what is the best case for "Nazis were socialists"?

Why the notion of 'first professional army' in the world it is atributed to the romans when the macedonians under Phillip (father of Alexander) introduced full-time occupation in the military much earlier. The roman legionaries were more 'professional' than macedonian soldiers of Philip and Alexander's ?

Reposting this with help from u/jschooltiger so it does not fall into speculation.

Basically I want to know if there are any existing plan on how the relations between Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan would be with each other if they won the war. Hopefully someone can help me.

Why is it that Continental forces typically used Brown Bess muskets as opposed to the home-produced Pennsylvania Long Rifle? If it had superior range and was not imported than why not exploit this as an advantage in massive use over the British? (As opposed to individual rifle regiments)

Having read Christopher Hill's The World Turned Upside Down, It seems to me that the Common people pretty much hated King Charles I, and even the institution of the monarchy itself. However, I've also read that King Charles II was quite liked by the Common people, and the longevity of the british monarch made me doubt of the prevalence of the impopularity of the monarchy as an institution in that period. Can anyone shed a light on the subject?

As I understand it, Rome did not have a police force as we understand it. Does that mean that the local legion enforced the laws? Or was it strictly by application from the aggrieved?

What I mean is, if a body turned up after a tavern brawl over some loaded dice, would anybody "investigate"?

Or if, say, a tradesmen was killed by a robber, would anybody official try to catch the robber, or would it be up to the tradesman's family to track down the offender, accuse him of his crime, and demand restitution?

I've been reading the updated edition of "Chronicle of the Mayan Kings and Queens" and it struck me that while warfare-related events are one of the key things recorded on stelae and other monuments the how isn't recorded there. I have a bunch of questions on the details of Mayan warfare but I'd love to hear any answers that would apply to the Triple Alliance, Teotihuacan, or whoever else:

• What do we know about how wars started? (e.g. were messengers sent back and forth with threats? were there initial surprise raids? were there formal declarations of hostilities before battle?)

• What do we know about the mechanics of battles themselves? (e.g. was there a designated 'field of combat' or was it smaller skirmishing? Were all participants members of the elite families or were there others? Did battle start with a volley of atlatls and then descend into a confused melee or was it more champion vs champion?)

• What do we know about preparation? (e.g. Holy Lords and other nobles seem to have been the primary combatants, did they have specific training regimes that we know about? Who made the spears, knives, and war clubs, were they regular artisans who were making war materiel or dedicated armorers? How long did campaigns last, most communities were only a few days travel away, and it looks like some rulers achieved victories over multiple foes within just a few months?)