I'm a huge aviation nerd, so apologies if this isn't the correct sub to ask, but are there any recordings of chatter between pilots in combat during WW2 or later conflicts?

Thank you, and again my apologies if this is the incorrect sub to ask!

Today, all maps are aligned so that north is on the top and centered around the equator.
I've heard that the Romans had maps where they had east aligned to the top. This got me thinking, what did maps look like in the ancient times and how accurate were they given their technologies?

We often see and hear about alcohol being used to scam the native population of the US. Did the native population not have their own alcohol? Was it really that easy to get them Hooked?

They were constantly at war and had some great characters. Why are they so overlooked when they contributed so much to Western Culture?

So I have a Model UN conference and our committee is Roman Senate. We must become our senators and host debate. The topics are restoring order to the republic and what to do post-Caesar assassination.

So my problem is researching to find out who Marcus Octavius is. Since it's the equivalent of "John Smith" in status of the name. Who was he? What were his stances?

I really appreciate any help. Get some good looking credit for doing MUN as well as learn a thing or two? I'm down.

How many of you have read these two books? Karl Heinz Ohlig: 1. The Hidden Origins Of Islam and 2. Early islam.

And what are your impressions out of it

Gengis was an illiterate Mongolian as far as I read, so how did he speak to that Chinese philosopher? And Timur met some Arab thinkers of the time, did he speak arabic?

Thanks

The version of head-to-toe, and if possible, piece by piece, including forearms guards, I think the hoplon aspis costed 200 drachma? What about the helmet, the spear, thigh-guards, dagger, sword, and what about the differences between what kind of spear could afford the wealthiest and the poorest hoplites? I know the poor ones could only afford shield and spear, perhaps helmet, and be glad with them.

Well, summing up, what was the cost, piece by piece, of pan-oplon, that is, a panoply (full equipment)?

Why didn't Americans pay for those things?

I know the high ranking knights had the finest weapons and armour they could afford -- what would a fine set of armour and very high quality sword like a bastard sword for Guy de Lusignan in the battle of Hattin, etc..? In todays terms? Back then what would this be equivalent to in our society today? Thousands? Several hundred thousand?

This may be too broad a question, but I can’t think of another way to ask it:

From Ancient Greece, to the Pax Romana, to the Middle Ages, etc. Western History has been divided into stages. I understand these are fairly arbitrary divisions, but there are overarching changes which these periods seem to address: the Middle Ages was different than Ancient Rome, from the structure of governments to religion, and even dress and language.

As someone who knows very little about Chinese history, it seems the divisions are merely Dynastic changes, with little difference between them. Sure there are inventions and advancements, but it’s always portrayed as China. I have a feeling this is just an outsiders view, and was curious.

So my question is: Are there any equivalents to the “Ancient, Medieval, Modern” etc. periodization of Western history in ancient China and if so how are they defined?

From a quick list of what I understand to be similarities of these countries:

• Both were Catholic
• Both had inquisitions
• Both had excellent navigators
• Both were positioned in Iberia
• Both were busy with the Reconquista and Moors in general
• Both wanted to become rich(?)

So with all these relevant-looking similarities in place, why did the Spanish see so much more success in forging an empire?

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So I've been doing some reading about the Franco-Prussian War, and I'm having trouble picturing exactly what the battles looked like on the ground. Did soldiers still stand shoulder to shoulder and fire by volley? Was it more like everyone was in a giant skirmish line in open order? Or was there some early version of the platoon based fire and movement tactics of the 20th century? Any sources on how to view the tactics of this time period would be greatly appreciated.

I have been reading Friar Vicente de Salvador's history of Brazil (1627) and it is a very interesting document, especially because of the way it describes their early way of life around here, and the way the settlers dealt with the indigenous people and vice versa. It gets even better because of the vivid and captivating writing style of the author.

One thought led to another, and I found myself wondering the following about the neighbors up north, with which I hope you will be of some help, since I am completely ignorant on the subject:

What are the best sources (primary or not) we have for studying the pre-columbian societies, specifically those of central america? How are they ranked in terms of importance and credibility? Am I correct to assume the Spanish literary production about the land in which they arrived and its peoples in the first centuries was rich compared to the very sparse literature of the Portuguese in Brazil?

Lastly, was any first hand witness from people who lived through that period and the Spanish conquest recorded in Spanish works of the era?

Thank you very much.

Firstly, apologies if this question comes off as ignorant or offensive.

With England being a huge player in the transport of slaves from Africa to America and the Caribbean, why is there not more of a black minority with heritage going back to this period? Most African Americans seem to have slave ancestors; whereas most of the Afro Caribbean minority in England migrated from the colonies during the post war era (or so I was told during my history classes). Is there any particular reason for this?

Thanks.

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Much of Europe was ruled by Arabs during the early middle ages. Granada had something like six centuries of Arab rule. Why is Malta the only place that still speaks a language with an Arabic base?

I stumbled upon a reference to "American, British and Belgian enterprise?" being crucial to the massive expansion of Railroads under Porfirio Diaz.

Don't feel strongly constrained by the 1876-1910 dates, as I'm interested in a more general answer even if the specific claim perked my interest.

The 1974 coup.

We don't know in the story if the character is lying.