Mainly foods, what are some of the foods, ingredients, spices, etc. that were traded to and from China during the age of exploration? Ive tried looking online but i cant seem to find a straight answer. Thanks!

Why did the Japanese want to take over the port from the Germans so badly? How did it bring them benefits? Overall, what was the role of Tsingtao and its port in World War 1?

Just occurred to me that you hear a lot of complaints about bad soldier treatment of civilians, especially on the Union side. Would sexual violence have been a part of this, as it often is in war? Have read quite a bit about the conflict but nothing on this topic, curious what we might know.

I'm reading Black Reconstruction for my World Religions and Culture class and this line is confusing me. I don't understand what he was trying to convey at all with the wording. Thanks

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What the title says. I see the impact of JiuJitsu, specifically ground fighting, on modern mixed martial arts fighting, and read that grappling was a very popular marshal art in the past, and was wondering if there were styles of combat that heavily incorporated grappling as well as the use of weapons.

It doesn't seem to make a lot of sense to try and grapple while unarmed against someone with a knife, yet while wearing armor, against an armored opponent, it seems like this could easily be a thing. Was it?

its always nephews or son-in-laws or adoptions. i think vespasian was the first one to give it over to his son. were they all gay or unmarried or what? i see they occasionally had daughters but for real, did they all not like having children? Julius had a son he diddnt give to but what of the others?

augustus: Great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar

tiberius: Natural son of Livia Drusilla, Augustus' third wife, by a previous marriage; stepbrother and third husband of Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus; adopted by Augustus as his son and heir. (wtf)

Caligula: Great-nephew and adoptive grandson of Tiberius; natural son of Germanicus; great-grandson of Augustus.

Claudius: Uncle of Caligula; brother of Germanicus; nephew of Tiberius; great-nephew and step-grandson of Augustus; proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard.

Nero:Great-nephew, stepson, son-in-law and adopted son of Claudius; nephew of Caligula; great-great-nephew of Tiberius; grandson of Germanicus; great-great-grandson of Augustus

then year of four emperors ending with Vespecian dynasty which diddnt last further then his sons

appointed nerva adopted trajan who adopted hadrian who adopted antonius pius who adopted lucius verus who then adopted marcus aurelius finally passed it onto his real son commudus

who fucking got murdered and started the year of five emperors

ending with severan who passed it onto his sons

who got overthwrowm by macrinus for a little bit

and then elgabulus Grandson-in-law of Septimius Severus, alleged illegitimate son of Caracalla; proclaimed emperor by Syrian legions

and severus alexander Grandson-in-law of Septimius Severus, cousin and adoptive heir of Elagabalus

que crisis of the third century and that clusterfuck

thrax first then gordian and his son usurped it as co emperors but not for long some other randos and then gordian gets a grandson through his daughter on the throne and was the first emperor to rule for more than 3 and a half years in the last 6 goes at it.

philip the arab then got it coemperoring with his son both of which got murdered by decius who got murdered but actually successfully passed it to his son for the 5 months his son was alive

trebonnianus Assassinated by their own troops, in favour of Aemilian

who was then Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Valerian who passed it onto his son who was then murdered

and this shit just goes on for the whole page

ive seen one father-son-grandson ruling as emperors and thats the gordians and the grandchild is through his daughter and there was a hiccup

theres also the leo dynasty but again throught the daugther

the first thru father-son-grandson dynasty was the heraclian dynasty.

thats 27 BC to 610 ad, in the eastern empire alone, the first time the succession actually worked and even fucking then it got interrupted by Heraclius other son trying to take it for himself.

Contrary to what I was taught in middle-school US history (surprise surprise!), I've just learned that emancipation of slaves in northern states was a gradual, multi-stage process that could last into the 1840s.

I had always learned that part of the reason for the northern states moving away from slavery was because climate/agriculture was not suitable for the type of plantation system that developed in the south.

So, what were these northern slaves doing in the first half of the 19th century? Were they agricultural workers, or did they exist in skilled professions like barbering? Do we know if they predominately lived in urban or rural parts of the north?

What work did they do after their eventual emancipation? Did that vary by a person's age and employment prior to emancipation?

It seems to be more of a land of "shrubs and olive trees" than a "milk and honey" paradise. Was the climate different back then?

Is it because, as a nation, Americans can identify with a country fighting against British rule and wanting to determine their own future. Weren't they blowing up cars and killing ppl based on religion? I had distant cousins fight for the IRA, my family left long before and came to America but my family I guess seems them as patriots. Were they freedom fighters? Or just a bunch of ppl killing based on religion and geographic location?

I recently read a paper on the CIA's website that was Cold War era intel from the wart 80's and it said that the Soviets believed the FRG could field 155-160 divisions in a short time. This surprised me and made me wonder what would these units be equipped with? Any information on West German or other NATO mobilization plans is welcome.

Just curious as to the historical connotations behind that.

Or rather if we know if it diverged at all from region to region?

I'm looking to do some basic research on the social and physical structures of feudal towns with an eye toward using what I learn to do grounded and believable worldbuilding for a fantasy setting. I'm thinking generally about England and France between about 1200 and 1350. I would be interested in as as late as about 1450 if there were particularly interesting/good sources about this. Ideally I'd like information about the layout and organization of a specific town preferably with maps. Does such information exist and where could I find it?