I am searching about religion, mostly Christianity, I have found something that has intrigued me lot. It seems that the Bibble was put together by Constantine (a pagan emperor who converted himself to Christianity).

I am aware that the passages were written by Jesus´ disciples but who put them together and made the bibble was it Constantine?

For most of history, there were two main subgroups of Franks: the Salians and Ripuarians. Both were from the Rhine Valley, but lived in different longitudes. The Salians spoke Old Dutch, meaning Modern Dutch is it's direct descendant. They're believed to have originated in the Salland region of the Netherlands. The Ripuarians spoke West-Central German and lived in the western part of central Germany (Rhineland, Saarland, Hesse) as well as Luxembourg and Alsace.

The Salians and Ripuarians were both called Franks and their languages were both called Frankish (despite Ripuarian being a High German language and Salian not), but which language was the original Frankish language? Did the proto-Frankish language originate in the Netherlands and then spread to WC Germany with Salian conquests, or was it the other way around? The term Frank became a sociopolitical term later on and stopped being a tribal term, but back when it was originally a tribal term, which Germanic tribe(s) did it refer to?

Hello /r/askhistorians!

First, let me say: I understand Africa is the second largest continent in the world, and assuming there is a single text for its history, especially across such a large time frame, is a bold naive request. Yes, I did go over the FAQs. Let me elaborate.

As so many students in the US public education system, I grew up learning practically nothing outside of euro-centric history. My knowledge of the expansive history of the African continent, and its countless empires/kingdoms/civilizations, is nil. In grade school I was told "yeah, Egypt was a thing". Next, we jumped to colonialism in high school, with not a thought to the thousands of intervening years, or the ten million square miles which were never even mentioned.

The FAQs of this sub are still sort of detailed, I don't really know where to begin. I'm not looking for specifics, aka "Why is Africa Less Developed?" or "Why is Ethiopia the Way it Is?". I know I should really start with some deep-dives on the internet/wikipedia, find some interesting points, then look for information on particular subjects. However, I'm an engineering student and free time is not my friend. What I do have are very long commutes, and I am a huge fan of audiobooks. I'm hoping to find an overview of sorts (from multiple sources if required) that hits some of the highlights/important points.

For instance, as part of my GE, I took a "History of the Americas" class. While by no means was is comprehensive, I at least have some inkling of an idea of what was going on pre-colonization. I've finished "Guns, Germs, and Steel", by Jared Diamond, which was good but not exactly what I was looking for.

Even if it is not a text on the entirety of Africa, any recommendations are greatly appreciated. I'd be interested in books overviewing important time periods, histories and growth of religions, etc. I see this as a major hole in my pool of knowledge, one that I am attempting to remedy (at least slightly).

Thanks in advance!

edit: didn't like using the same words over and over in a paragraph.

I mean, Germany's fear of becoming militarily surrounded was now fulfilled. Why would they continue such an aggressive foreign policy, when tensions were so high?

I'm writing a book set in 530 in an Anglo-Saxon farmstead, and am wondering to what extent Britonic communities still existed. Did they act and work as they always had? Would they have spoken English? Would they have been poor/servants/labourers?

Levee en Masse allowed revolutionary France to turn from defeat to victory, as it allowed the French army to vastly outnumber the Coalition's professional armies. However, the reason why states turned away from conscription to professional army was to be more efficient on the battlefield. Thus, why would Levee en Masse along with its non-professional conscripts be so effective in the war of First Coalition?

Hi everyone,

I've become interested in Karolinian soldiers' daily lives (especially in regards to food rations) in the Great Northern War after reading the following bit on Wikipedia.

"The rules were very strict in the Karolinian army. For example, stealing food from another soldier led to very severe punishment. Plundering, often used to be part of the daily lives of soldiers, was forbidden. This prohibition was not always met, for example, at Narva and Lemberg. ...

The food tonnage for a soldier in the army could be 625 grams of dry bread, 850 grams of butter or pork, one-third of peas and 2.5 liters of beer a day."

That is a hefty amount of food daily, and I'd like to know more about this. However, the source quoted by Wikipedia is obscure, and I haven't seen much research done on this topic at all.

Anyone have information, suggestions or sources for such a topic?

I'm currently doing Alevel archaeology and was hoping to test armour maintenance but there doesn't seem to be much on the area.

I know that all the seven kingdoms during the Warring States have different writing system. But do they all speak the same language? If so, what language are they speaking, and are there any historical books about Warring States language?

I am thinking about the idea of a tv show about a roman soldier just after the fall of the roman empire who is struggling with the fall of the relative safety of the vast roman empire. He then tries to reach the Byzantium empire, hoping to find some stability there, moving through Europe falling apart. I was wondering, is there any documentation of people who haven actually tried, or even suceeded, while doing this?

In an episode of Black Mirror (S03E05) a man talks about how soldiers did not want to kill in World War 1 and aimed above the heads. Is there any scientific basis for this?

Furthermore how has the boot camp of the army of America changed over the years?

Sources would be very helpful and thanks in advance!

I remember reading that Tibet declared independence from China in 1913 and was reannexed in 1951 by Mao. I also read that the country was mostly feudal and retained most elements of medievalism before 1951. So how was the Chinese annexation of Tibet justified, and what does modern scholarship have to say about this justification? In addition, how did Tibetan society change because of it? How were these changes interpreted by the population, the Han Chinese and the foreign media/academic society?

Also, bonus question: How does the annexation of Tibet compare to the colonisation of Asia by the Europeans or the claiming of the so called terra nullius in America?

The impression I got from Rees's Auschwitz was that the Nazis originally did not wish to exterminate the Jews. Himmler had described such an act as 'un-German' and the Nazis contemplated many ideas for deporting the Jews from Europe, e.g. to the island of Madagascar. It was only later in the war (1942), as the war momentum began to shift, that the Nazis adopted the Final Solution.

On the other hand, I just read in Hastings' All Hell Let Loose that, within weeks of annexing Poland, the Nazis began to round up and murder thousands of Jews.

I don't know how to square these two narratives.

Did the Nazis plan to mass murder Jews from the very start? Ideally I'm looking for a succinct timeline of Nazi policy regarding what they intended to do with the Jews.