Stone castles in Medieval Europe: Was it possible to undermine the structure of a wall by digging a ditch in front of it and planting incendiaries?

2 Answers 2022-03-16

have any dictatorships had peaceful transitions into democracies?

1 Answers 2022-03-16

Are there texts describing the Romans and/or Greeks penned by Persian (Achaemenid) historians during the Classical period?

Curious to know if there were Eastern analogues to Polybius, Herodotus, Plutarch et al of whom we have surviving original works?

1 Answers 2022-03-16

Why is Queen Mary I often referenced as 'bloody Mary?'

She is the one who tends to receive the harshest criticism from historians, yet her father, brother, and sister, all committed similar bloody acts during their reign.

1 Answers 2022-03-16

At what point did western civilization begin to differentiate between civilian/non-combatant and military targets during war?

Reading through history it seems relatively common for wars to essentially be viewed as us v. Them with little regard for whether the target was a military unit, a temple, civilian irregulars, or just townsfolk. At what point did western society decide civilians and “non-combatants” should be treated separately from military targets?

1 Answers 2022-03-16

Is the Ancient Egypt of the Bronze Age collapse the same civilization that was conquered by the Roman's centuries later?

It shows in my studies that during the Bronze Age collapse between 1200 BC to 1150 BC; Egypt was one of the many societies that collapsed along with the Hittites and Mycenaeans among others. However, I have also read that in 30 BC the Roman's conquered Egypt and ended the Pharoah's permanently. Is this a tale of two Egypts? Did the ancient civilization rebuild itself or is this another civilization built upon the ruins of the old? Any help would be appreciated.

1 Answers 2022-03-16

What replaced ceramics in post-Roman Britain?

I have heard that pottery production in Britain stopped after Romans left and the shrinking cities could no longer support Roman-style ceramics production. If this is the case, what took over the roles of ceramics in food preparation, storage, etc.? Or alternatively, were there enough pre-existing pots that Brits could continue to use them without too large of a negative effect?

1 Answers 2022-03-16

When and why did monks begin copying/preserving/illuminating ancient texts? Is there a reason they didn't stick to Christian texts, but strayed into the great works of pagan philosophy, history, poetry, literature, etc?

1 Answers 2022-03-16

Did the Japanese (Proto-Japonic) language arrive with the Yayoi, or the Kofun?

From what I understand, the general consensus of Historians until recently was that the modern Japanese people are a product of the heterogenous Jomon peoples (arrived ~15 000 BC, comprise ~10% of modern genetics) and the Yayoi people (arrived ~900 BC, comprise ~90%). The Japonic language family is attributed to the Yayoi people, who brought their language from the Korean peninsula (Peninsular Japonic was later replaced by the Koreanic languages), and the language spread across Japan with the only recorded remnant of Jomon language being the Ainu language.

However, the new Tripartite theory of 2021 instead suggests that Jomon and Yayoi ancestry account for only 13% and 16%, respectively, and that the remaining overwhelming 71% is from migrations during the Kofun period (~300 AD). These 'Kofun people' appear to be related to the Han Chinese, and the period corresponds with an influx of Chinese artifacts and language.

Under this model, does this mean that the Japonic languages are still associated with the Yayoi, but the Kofun period resulted in the massive influx of Chinese loanwords into Japanese, forming a Japonic substrate and Chinese superstrate that we see today? If so, why would the modern Japanese language remain fundamentally Japonic in core vocab/grammar, rather than being replaced by a Chinese Language with Japonic loanwords, given that these Kofun-Han people made up the large majority of the population.

For comparison, in the Norman conquest of England, a population of a small Old-French speaking elite resulted in a still Germanic language but with ~50% French vocabulary. The Kofun migration would seem to be much more similar to say the Anglo-Saxon settlement, where the native Celtic languages were completely replaced by Germanic.

Perhaps this question would be best for r/linguistics, but I'd really appreciate conversation about the Tripartite theory in general, and what the current consensus is in the Japanese Historian community.

1 Answers 2022-03-16

Why didn't the Crown simply give the colonists representation in parliament?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

News outlets are reporting that Russia may soon default on its national debt. Historically, what has happened in countries that defaulted on their debt?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

How did a free person addressed an important figure like a senator?

I did some poking around on the internet and found that slaves referred to their masters as "dominus". But what did a free man call someone high in the society (a rich person, or a member of the senate), especially if they had no direct relation between them, except the fact the one of them has high status in the society and well known public figure?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Why didn't the Romans build giant ships?

Chinese treasure ships are known for their enormous size, unlike its european counterpart like the quinquereme, but then i found out about the syracusia and nemi's ship, which made me wonder, why did the chinese build big ships, but the europeans didn't?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Was the Aztec culture truly as violent as is thought today?

As I learn more about the Aztecs, and their advancements in civilisation and culture, I struggle to believe the arguably commonly-held belief that much of the foundation of the culture is based on violence.

It seems bizarre that the Aztecs would create cities so sophisticated and elaborate such as Tenochtitlan, only to then pursue comparatively barbaric practices within their advanced civilisation.

Is there any evidence that justifies the belief that Aztec religion revolved around human sacrifice, or is this belief just remnants of Spanish propaganda that have been warped and exaggerated over time, and are now believed to be true?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

In the U.S., many businesses are open 9-5, which is centered on 1 PM rather than noon, which seems more natural. Was this because of daylight savings time, or did 9-5 start before DST? If it's not because of DST, why would the work day be centered on 1 PM?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Where did the black indentured servants who came to the American Colonies come from?

Before slavery, there were a number of black indentured servants who lived alongside white and Native ones. Where did they come from? Were they West Africans like the future slaves would be or were they from a different area?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

I get why salt is always added to foods, our body needs it, but I’m really curious where the practice of adding pepper to almost everything comes from? Are people familiar with when/how that became common practice? (In the US at least as that’s where I’m from)

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Were there dystopian predictions for the internet?

You can easily find examples of how early advocates of the internet thought it would be a great democratizing/unifying force. Did people think it would also be used for misinformation/propaganda purposes? Was there ever any pushback to the creation of the internet?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

are Russians and slavs related to ancient vikings?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Is there any recorded cases of foot soldiers who served in Napoleon’s Army of Italy in the 1796 campaign having fought with Napoleon until Waterloo?

Listening to the Age of Napoleon podcast on Spotify, I began to wonder if it was feasible for a infantryman, horseman, or artillery man who had been with Napoleon in 1796 during his invasion of Italy to have stayed in the French military under Napoleon all the way through the duration of the Napoleonic wars until Napoleon’s ultimate defeat at Waterloo. Not including higher ranking figures such as Berthier or Murat, is there any diaries, memoirs, letters, or other historical accounts that support a common soldier having accomplished this feat?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Why did the genocide in Bosnia happen? I can’t find any justification online for why the Serbians hated the Bosnians.

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Modern Biblical scholars tend to examine the historical context of the Bible and don't treat it as a totally infallible text. How did this method of study become commonplace and accepted instead of condemned as heresy?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

What happened to the Vikings after 1066?

Growing up in the UK we're taught about the Vikings up until 1066 and then it's made out that the Vikings just disappeared and stopped raiding. While they may have stopped raiding in the British Isles surely they continued raiding elsewhere?

If so when did the Northmen stop raiding and when did being a Viking as a job die out?

1 Answers 2022-03-15

Did Wall Street actually fund the Bolshevik revolution?

This book by Anthony C Sutton of the Hoover Institution called Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution claims that the 1917 Revolution was funded by Wall Street bankers. Is this historically accurate or is it just another propaganda piece?

2 Answers 2022-03-15

What are some examples of academic historians with an accessible and engaging rather than dry writing style (like Mary Beard, E.P. Thompson...)? Do you know of any who is also an active blogger or journalist?

I'm looking to improve my essay and article writing skills, so I'd be really grateful if you could share some examples of popular authors with accessible, engaging writing styles that could be taken as references. Thanks in advance!

1 Answers 2022-03-15

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