Hi, I am a libertarian and I am doing some research on taxation from the roots of our ideology of property rights. I am wondering if the Vikings and the Germanic tribes had any obliged tax system to their chieftains or if the system was more of a voluntary nature?

Lets say some slaves taken as prisoners of war were captured from Gaul or Germany and brought to the Italian Peninsula to be sold to Romans. There is obviously a language barrier. Would the Roman masters teach or have someone teach their slaves Latin, or at least the basics? Or would it just be up to the slave to learn the language or be punished for not understanding the commands given to them?

I'm especially interested in the polcicies of the soviet forces and the reality of soviet occupation directly after the capitulation:

• Where did all the soldiers live? Living space was scarce, so were they housed in old barracks, german homes, some place else?
• Who had to feed the soldiers? The soviets or the germans?
• How did they interact with civilians?
• What, if any, crimes were commited by soldiers and how was this dealt with?
• When was a effective rule of law established?

I've heard a lot about the U2 and 'weather balloon' recon missions launched by the USA, but not much about the missions of their Soviet counterparts. What methods did the USSR use to gain intelligence about US nuclear and military strength?

Yo guys. I'm writing a thing right now and I need some translations from English into old Norse. Here's what I need. Any help would be greatly appreciated. The sources of Old Norse online are varied and I figure it's safer to ask you all than to trust one of any number of dictionaries on the subject that could be outdated to hell and back.

"New homeland"

"Sea gate"

"Far hills"

"Thor's blood"

"High Hall"

"Slave town"

"Holy place"

"Landing site"

"Conqueror"

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As the title says, did armies have songs they sang or played while marching to war, or possibly training or anything? If so, what would they have been used for?

During the French Revolution and the period immediately preceding it. (1770s-1790s)

I know there are other posts about whether Jesus was a historical figure or mythical and I've read them with some amount of care. But I think the most convincing argument for me as a non-historian would be some overwhelming consensus among historians, if it exists.

I know the question is borderline within the guidelines of this forum since it's about the state of historical studies rather than directly asking about whether Jesus existed, so my apologies if it really is beyond the pale of this forum, but I figured people here would be equipped to answer it.

So, how academically viable is the theory of Jesus mythicism in modern scholarship?

What kind of things would a Chinese man looking to get the best education available to him look like around the mid 1600's? How much would it differ from a high-end European education of the time?

Did the government produce them? Did a private company produce them? How were they distributed?

The German revolution doesn't get covered very often. I've been reading lately about the subsequent Spartacist uprising (communists) led by Karl Liebnicht and Rosa Luxembourg, and now I'm curious about the soldiers who supported (or not) the revolution.

Is he treated as a national hero for building one of history's most impressive empires or is he seen as a villain for the atrocities he committed? One of Mongolia's most iconic structures is a statue of Genghis Khan atop a horse. Is this because he is revered or is it simply an acknowledgement of perhaps the most important period of Mongolia's history?

WWI was so much more brutal than any war before because of chemical weapons, mechanized warfare and the sheer scale of death. It also caused immense psychological damage on those involved. It seems like any sane person who had witnessed the war would have no desire to for another conflict to even potentially begin. Even with notions of racial and national superiority these people knew the damage their enemies could do. So why then did the officers choose to fight another war? I'm more interested in middle command than the high command and newer officers.

So I recently bought "A History of the Vikings" by Gwyn Jones and was just wondering what the general opinion of Jones was in the professional world, and what level of nordic history would you believe someone would need prior to reading his books?. So far I've only read a bit of the previously mentioned book but it seems very welcoming to those who don't know a whole lot of the topic.

I'm currently watching Troy and as much as it is based on mythology, it has got me wondering. With all the thousands of arrows and spears thrown, how come archaeologists don't find these thousands of arrows and other weapons littering the ground? I know about how wood and other decomposing materials wouldn't last thousands of years and shifting/layering of the ground (which I don't fully understand either) can alter the level of which the actual battle was fought on, but how come more of these objects aren't found on a massive scale?

Basically, why has Arabic remained cohesive across multiple nations where Latin could not?

Addendum: why did Greek fail to survive as the native language in the former territories of the Eastern Roman Empire under foreign invasion where Latin did in those of the West? Why did gothic tribes integrate linguistically with Latin conquests where Slavic, Arabic and Turkish ones did not with Hellenic ones?