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When did the sigh become a sign of frustration/relief?

Hi All - I'm trying to research Notker 'The Stammer', from the Abbey of St. Gall, particularly in relation to his sequences.

I have found the digital scans of the original manuscripts, and have just ordered 'The Abbey of St. Gall a Centre of Literature and Art', for some more detailed discussion of the specific context Notker was writing in, but would still like to track down or research further:

English translations of the sequences attributed to Notker. As far as I understand the range of original sequences attributed to him is still inconclusive, but am willing to accept older less reputable sources if it means I can come close to understanding the lyrics.

Secondly, I was hoping to get a more thorough understanding of sequences, how they became formalised (I know Notker was falsely attributed with inventing them, but my understanding it is now generally suggested that he popularised them), how they relate to the jubilation in their liturgical order.

Thirdly, I'm also interested in the accompanying markings on the original manuscripts. I understand them to be a form or musical direction/notation specific to that time, but are there any resources or discussions that would help me understand how they are currently understood / interpreted?

Hope there's someone out there who can help with even some of this, even if it's just suggestions of further material/books. Many thanks in advance.

Was there an illness or anything of the like that became associated with the "black spot"? Thanks for answering.

This seems to leave open the possibility of a non-Jewish messiah but I feel that is probably not accurate.

Also, is Jesus supposed to have been fathered by Joseph? I realize he isn't all that important a figure for Jews (and likely not a very positive one given the association with persecution) but it seems like there aren't many issues in the Jewish holy texts which haven't been thoroughly hashed out.

I do realize that Jews do not consider Christ the Messiah.

I hope this question is answerable and not too vague or too much of a "throughout history" question. I was listening to a program on BBC 6 Music the other day about early music using samples. The invention of the sampler made sampling a lot easier, but there are examples predating the sampler.

That got me thinking about how technology has influenced and enabled musical styles. I don't mean how music responds to the idea technology (eg. Chicago House as a response to industrial rhythms) but how much the use of new technology impacts musical styles. There are obvious genres of modern music that couldn't exist without certain technologies (what's a rock concert without amplification and electric guitars or disco?). It seems the relationship is most obvious in popular music.

How much does this apply to older music?

Looking at the development of western classical music, could the Rite of Spring have been composed for an 18th century orchestra? What would Bach have done if the pianoforte had been developed earlier? How has amplification or recording affected classical music?

Bonus question: are there overlooked technologies that are crucial to changes in music? The acoustics of cathedrals? New ways of making strings from catgut?

Given historians' rejection of the validity of the feudal model, is it still correct to think of them as being generally his vassals, or has the widespread nature of the liege-vassal relationship been rejected as well? What was their relationship, generally speaking?

I'm reading The Histories by Herodotus. He reports that the Persians invaded Greece with an army in the excess of a million men. He further reports that when Xerxes left with the main body of his army, he left behind more than 300,000 men to continue the war.

This seems to me to be a huge number of soldiers for a pre-modern war. Is this considered an accurate depiction of the invasion?

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What books would you recommend if one was interested in WWI or the roman empire?

I'm currently reading "Sabotør i Holger Danske" (saboteur in Holger Danske.)
It's a non-fiction book about the saboteur group Holger Danske which operated in Denmark during WWII. The author has chosen to focus on "the human aspect" in his book. He had previously written about saboteur groups, but in his previous' works he chose to focus more on his sources than on the material. I really like his style of writing, and I enjoy the more "personal" insight into the war. I was wondering if there was something similar with regards to WWI.

I am also currently listening to Dan Carlins Hardcore History podcast on WWI and I'm enjoying it a lot.

I've heard of the book "the guns of august". Should I read that?

I know nothing about the roman empire, but I would like to learn about it. How did it come to be? who was caesar? What about the Punic wars? Is there a "The roman empire for dummies" I could read?

Thanks in advance for the help :)

Let's just say that I am an ordinary Roman citizen wanting to travel from Toletum in the Roman province of Hispania to Mediolanum in the Roman province of Aquitania in 117 AD. How would I know where to go? And if I get lost, are there any kind of signs that points me to the right direction?

Did Canada want to buy it too?

I was wondering if any historians familiar with the materials used during the pre-printing press eras could provide a comprehensive list of what different types of ink were made from. I'm looking for metal based inks that could insulate heat if placed under a heat source (i.e. a Xenon tube) then release radiation that a thermographic device could pick up. Texts using vegetable gum and soot for ink don't quite work in the study I'm preparing so I'm curious during which time periods (globally) were metal and other such heat insulators used in the ink.

Hello all, I looking for some help in finding some very specific resources to help with my thesis. I am looking for butchering practices, specifically for the production of salt-pork and salt-beef to be used on ships. To be incredibly specific, I am looking at the 1750-1760's in the south of France near Bayonne.

The things that I am most interested in would be the use of saws vs knives and what parts of the animals would be included in the barrels.

Thanks!

I lived in Turkey when I was a kid and a few times we visited this really remote hill with ruins at its peak. My dad told me that Alexander the Great took the hill by fixing torches to goats and herding them towards the hill during the night. The defenders saw what they thought was a massive invading force and surrendered. I can't find much information online to back this up and was wondering if anybody here has heard of this.