Sorry if the title is gory. I consider myself well read on history, but I can't recall a time I read about chinese forces waging war against the japanese at all. All I think about is Nanking and the Japanese Empire essentially decimating chinese populations.

Help me learn!

EDIT:

I greatly appreciate the depth you have all put into these responses. This is an area of history I have never been shown, and I'm taking some time these next few weeks to get acquainted with based on your suggested reading. Thanks everyone

In popular culture, the defining image of the Aztecs and Mayans are their impressive temples, but rarely do you see Mesoamerican castles and city walls. During my research of the Flowery Wars, I encountered a popular theory that explains the reason why Tlaxcala survived the wars was due to their mountainous location and strong defenses. How did Mesoamerican cities and alliances build their defenses, and what did they look like?

At least in German physicians are called by their actual profession instead of their title, as is the case with other languages too. Interestingly, no other profession that regularly finishes with a doctoral degree, most notably "JD", is called by their title. Why is that?

(I apologise if this is more suited for linguistics.)

I'm in the middle of an argument about the scope and type of differences that distinguish Millennials from other generations. Right now, I think the stronger argument is that they are not all that different. I'm trying to develop the thesis that major generational shift requires an equally serious impetuous; which is why I'm looking at the second world war.

Originally I was thinking about pre- and post-war Japan as an excellent example, but the more I thought about it, the more examples I could find. So now I'm just interested in the best resources. Obvious, pre and post-revolutionary periods in China, Russia or France would also be useful examples. Or I could go back to WWI, but I want to keep it as close to the present day as possible.

There's so much (amazing) information on the republic and empire of Rome, but what do we know about the pre-republic kingdom of Rome? I can't seem to find much real information about it.

At the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, the largest city in England, London, had a population around 20,000. The largest cities in ancient Sumer reached >40,000. How can it be with the superior farming technology of the medieval world those people couldn't create larger farming surpluses and thus facilitate the growth of significantly larger cities? Why does the medieval world appear to be so rural when many times and places that preceded it seem to be able to create large urban populations? Thanks

For example standard operating procedure in the United States military is that a Company will fight a Platoon; a platoon will fight a squad. The idea is to always drastically out number the enemy, I believe the ratio is 3 to 1. Did armies in ancient and medieval times follow similar procedure?

Hello! I am an IB student working on my Extended Essay in which I am investigating the impact of the First Battle of Tannenberg/Battle of Grunwald on the decline of the Teutonic Order, and I am left with a material-drought.

It is a 4,000 words long college level study written in a High school class, and I require at least three books and two articles for my primary sources.

I have already grabbed one book named "Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights" and two other articles regarding the subject, but I am still in need of more sources or credible information. If there is an expert on the subject of the Teutonic Order's history after 1410, I would be delighted to get in contact.

Serious question. Hitler's sexuality and sex life has been questioned a lot, etc. Its obvious he was straight and all. However during his rise to power did he masturbate? I've read from various sources that he preserved his semen to boost his charisma, and that he had the touch and charisma of a celibate.

By that I mean that Gladiator, where Commodus is constantly trying to pursue an incestuous relationship with his older sister throughout the film.

I was wondering whether this had an historical accuracy and if it was more of a known thing to happen in "noble" families compared to "common" ones.

Before the 20th Century, Ireland and Finland were both in similar positions of being ruled for centuries by their more powerful neighbours (Britain and Sweden). But in one case the religion and not the language was adopted, and in the other the reverse happened. Why was this?